Fungicides are moderately hydrophobic and have been detected in water and sediment, particularly in agricultural watersheds, but typically are not included in routine water quality monitoring efforts. This is despite their widespread use and frequent application to combat fungal pathogens. Although the efficacy of these compounds on fungal pathogens is well documented, little is known about their effects on nontarget fungi. This pilot study, a field survey in southwestern Idaho from April to December 2010 on four streams with varying pesticide inputs (two agricultural and two reference sites), was conducted to assess nontarget impact of fungicides on gut fungi, or trichomycetes. Tissues of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), hosts of gut fungi, were analyzed for pesticide accumulation. Fungicides were detected in hosts from streams within agricultural watersheds but were not detected in hosts from reference streams. Gut fungi from agricultural sites exhibited decreased percent infestation, density and sporulation within the gut, and black fly tissues had elevated pesticide concentrations. Differences observed between the sites demonstrate a potential effect on this symbiotic system. Future research is needed to parse out the details of the complex biotic and abiotic relationships; however, these preliminary results indicate that impacts to nontarget organisms could have far‐reaching consequences within aquatic ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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评估杀真菌剂对非目标肠道真菌（毛霉菌）及其相关幼虫黑蝇寄主的潜在作用。

杀菌剂的疏水性中等，已在水和沉积物中（尤其是在农业流域中）被检测到，但通常不包括在常规水质监测工作中。尽管它们被广泛使用并经常用于对抗真菌病原体。尽管这些化合物对真菌病原体的功效已有很好的文献记载，但对它们对非靶标真菌的影响知之甚少。这项初步研究是2010年4月至12月在爱达荷州西南部对四种农药输入量不同的溪流（两个农业地点和两个参考地点）进行的实地调查，旨在评估杀菌剂对肠道真菌或滴虫的非目标影响。分析了肠道真菌宿主幼虫黑蝇（双翅目：Simuliidae）的组织中农药的积累。在农业流域内的宿主中检出了杀菌剂，但在参考河流中的宿主中未检出杀菌剂。来自农业场所的肠道真菌表现出降低的肠道内侵染百分率，密度和孢子形成，而黑蝇组织的农药浓度升高。站点之间观察到的差异表明对该共生系统的潜在影响。需要进一步的研究来解析复杂的生物和非生物关系的细节。但是，这些初步结果表明，对非目标生物的影响可能对水生生态系统产生深远的影响。黑蝇组织的农药浓度升高。站点之间观察到的差异表明对该共生系统的潜在影响。需要进一步的研究来解析复杂的生物和非生物关系的细节。但是，这些初步结果表明，对非目标生物的影响可能对水生生态系统产生深远的影响。黑蝇组织的农药浓度升高。站点之间观察到的差异表明对该共生系统的潜在影响。需要进一步的研究来解析复杂的生物和非生物关系的细节。但是，这些初步结果表明，对非目标生物的影响可能对水生生态系统产生深远的影响。