Mangroves are among the most diverse and productive coastal ecosystems in the tropical and subtropical regions. Environmental conditions particular to this biome make mangroves hotspots for microbial diversity, and the resident microbial communities play essential roles in maintenance of the ecosystem. Recently, there has been increasing interest to understand the composition and contribution of microorganisms in mangroves. In the present study, we have analyzed the diversity and distribution of archaea in the tropical mangrove sediments of Sundarbans using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The extraction of DNA from sediment samples and the direct application of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing resulted in approximately 142 Mb of data from three distinct mangrove areas (Godkhali, Bonnie camp, and Dhulibhashani). The taxonomic analysis revealed the dominance of phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota (Marine Group I) within our dataset. The distribution of different archaeal taxa and respective statistical analysis (SIMPER, NMDS) revealed a clear community shift along the sampling stations. The sampling stations (Godkhali and Bonnie camp) with history of higher hydrocarbon/oil pollution showed different archaeal community pattern (dominated by haloarchaea) compared to station (Dhulibhashani) with nearly pristine environment (dominated by methanogens). It is indicated that sediment archaeal community patterns were influenced by environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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Sundarbans红树林沉积物中古生菌的多样性和分布。

红树林是热带和亚热带地区最多样化和生产力最高的沿海生态系统之一。该生物群落特有的环境条件使红树林成为微生物多样性的热点，而居住的微生物群落在维护生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。最近，人们越来越有兴趣了解红树林中微生物的组成和贡献。在本研究中，我们使用16S rRNA基因扩增子序列分析了Sundarbans热带红树林沉积物中古生菌的多样性和分布。从沉积物样品中提取DNA并直接应用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序，可从三个不同的红树林地区（Godkhali，Bonnie camp和Dhulibhashani）获得大约142 Mb的数据。分类学分析显示，在我们的数据集中，Euryarchaeota门和Thaumarchaeota门（海洋集团I）占主导地位。不同古细菌类群的分布和相应的统计分析（SIMPER，NMDS）显示，沿采样站的群落明显转移。具有较高碳氢化合物/油污染历史的采样站（Godkhali和Bonnie营地）与环境接近原始环境（主要是产甲烷菌）的采样站（Dhulibhashani）相比，古细菌群落模式不同（以卤古菌为主）。结果表明，沉积物古细菌群落结构受环境条件的影响。NMDS）揭示了沿采样站的明显社区转移。具有较高碳氢化合物/油污染历史的采样站（Godkhali和Bonnie营地）与环境接近原始环境（主要是产甲烷菌）的采样站（Dhulibhashani）相比，古细菌群落模式不同（以卤古菌为主）。结果表明，沉积物古细菌群落结构受环境条件的影响。NMDS）揭示了沿采样站的明显社区转移。具有较高碳氢化合物/油污染历史的采样站（Godkhali和Bonnie营地）与环境接近原始环境（主要是产甲烷菌）的采样站（Dhulibhashani）相比，古细菌群落模式不同（以卤古菌为主）。结果表明，沉积物古细菌群落结构受环境条件的影响。