Within the last decade, nanoscale lipid bilayers have emerged as powerful experimental systems in the analysis of membrane proteins (MPs) for both basic and applied research. These discoidal lipid lamellae are stabilized by annuli of specially engineered amphipathic polypeptides (nanodiscs) or polymers (SMALPs/Lipodisqs®). As biomembrane mimetics, they are well suited for the reconstitution of MPs within a controlled lipid environment. Moreover, because they are water-soluble, they are amenable to solution-based biochemical and biophysical experimentation. Hence, due to their solubility, size, stability, and monodispersity, nanoscale lipid bilayers offer technical advantages over more traditional MP analytic approaches such as detergent solubilization and reconstitution into lipid vesicles. In this article, we review some of the most recent advances in the synthesis of polypeptide- and polymer-bound nanoscale lipid bilayers and their application in the study of MP structure and function.

在过去的十年中，纳米脂质双分子层已成为基础和应用研究中膜蛋白（MPs）分析的强大实验系统。这些盘状脂质薄片通过特殊设计的两亲性多肽（nanodiscs）或聚合物（SMALPs /Lipodisqs®）的环稳定。作为生物膜模拟物，它们非常适合在受控脂质环境中重建MP。此外，由于它们是水溶性的，因此适合基于溶液的生化和生物物理实验。因此，由于它们的溶解性，大小，稳定性和单分散性，纳米级脂质双层提供了比更传统的MP分析方法（如去污剂溶解和重构为脂质囊泡）更先进的技术优势。在本文中，