Diabetes, a group of metabolic and age-related diseases, is a major global health problem, the incidence of which has increased dramatically in recent decades. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex, T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell infiltration and chronic inflammation in the islets of Langerhans. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) resulting from insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The involvement of inflammatory processes, such as immune cell infiltration, and chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetes is less well understood in T2DM than in T1DM. However, studies conducted in the past decade have shown a strong link between inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. They have also shown that chronic inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of both T1DM and T2DM. Two immunological factors commonly contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes: the activation of inflammasomes and the release of proinflammatory cytokines in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein molecular platforms. DAMPs act as endogenous danger signals. Here, we review current research on the function(s) of inflammasomes and DAMPs and discuss their pathological relevance and therapeutic implications in diabetes.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病中与损伤相关的分子模式及其病理相关性。

糖尿病是一组代谢性疾病和与年龄有关的疾病，是全球主要的健康问题，近几十年来其发病率急剧上升。1型糖尿病（T1DM）是一种复杂的T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病，其特征在于免疫细胞浸润和Langerhans胰岛中的慢性炎症。2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种复杂的代谢性疾病，其特征是胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能异常引起的高血糖症（高血糖）。在糖尿病的发病机制中，诸如免疫细胞浸润和慢性炎症等炎症过程的参与要比在T1DM中了解得少。但是，过去十年进行的研究表明，炎症与代谢功能障碍之间存在密切的联系。他们还表明，慢性炎症在T1DM和T2DM的发病机理中都起着关键作用。糖尿病的发病机制通常有两个免疫学因素：炎症小体的激活和响应损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）的促炎性细胞因子的释放。炎性小体是细胞内多蛋白分子平台。DAMP充当内生危险信号。在这里，我们回顾了炎性小体和DAMPs功能的当前研究，并讨论了它们在糖尿病中的病理意义和治疗意义。炎症小体的活化和促炎性细胞因子的释放，以响应与损伤相关的分子模式（DAMPs）。炎性小体是细胞内多蛋白分子平台。DAMP充当内生危险信号。在这里，我们回顾了炎性小体和DAMPs功能的当前研究，并讨论了它们在糖尿病中的病理意义和治疗意义。炎症小体的活化和促炎性细胞因子的释放，以响应与损伤相关的分子模式（DAMPs）。炎性小体是细胞内多蛋白分子平台。DAMP充当内生危险信号。在此，我们回顾了目前对炎性小体和DAMPs功能的研究，并讨论了它们在糖尿病中的病理意义和治疗意义。