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Sample Size Considerations in Clinical Trials when Comparing Two Interventions using Multiple Co-Primary Binary Relative Risk Contrasts.
Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2015-06-24 , DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2015.1006373
Yuki Ando 1 , Toshimitsu Hamasaki 2 , Scott R Evans 3 , Koko Asakura 4 , Tomoyuki Sugimoto 5 , Takashi Sozu 6 , Yuko Ohno 7
Affiliation  

The effects of interventions are multidimensional. Use of more than one primary endpoint offers an attractive design feature in clinical trials as they capture more complete characterization of the effects of an intervention and provide more informative intervention comparisons. For these reasons, multiple primary endpoints have become a common design feature in many disease areas such as oncology, infectious disease, and cardiovascular disease. More specifically in medical product development, multiple endpoints are used as co-primary to evaluate the effect of the new interventions. Although methodologies to address continuous co-primary endpoints are well-developed, methodologies for binary endpoints are limited. In this article, we describe power and sample size determination for clinical trials with multiple correlated binary endpoints, when relative risks are evaluated as co-primary. We consider a scenario where the objective is to evaluate evidence for superiority of a test intervention compared with a control intervention, for all of the relative risks. We discuss the normal approximation methods for power and sample size calculations and evaluate how the required sample size, power, and Type I error vary as a function of the correlations among the endpoints. Also we discuss a simple, but conservative procedure for appropriate sample size calculation. We then extend the methods allowing for interim monitoring using group-sequential methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.



中文翻译:

在比较使用多个共同主要二元相对风险对比的两种干预措施时,临床试验中的样本量注意事项。

干预措施的效果是多维的。在临床试验中,使用多个主要终点可提供有吸引力的设计功能,因为它们可以更全面地描述干预效果,并提供更多有益的干预比较。由于这些原因,多个主要终点已成为许多疾病领域(例如肿瘤学,传染病和心血管疾病)的通用设计特征。更具体地说,在医疗产品开发中,多个终点被用作共同主要指标,以评估新干预措施的效果。尽管解决连续的共同主要端点的方法学已得到很好的发展,但用于二进制端点的方法却受到限制。在本文中,我们描述了具有多个相关二进制终点的临床试验的功效和样本量确定,当相对风险被评估为主要风险时。我们考虑一种场景,该场景的目的是针对所有相对风险,评估测试干预相对于对照干预的优越性。我们讨论用于功效和样本量计算的一般近似方法,并评估所需的样本量,功效和I型误差如何根据端点之间的相关性变化。我们还将讨论一个简单但保守的过程,以进行适当的样本量计算。然后,我们扩展允许使用组顺序方法进行临时监视的方法。可在线获得本文的补充材料。我们考虑一种场景,该场景的目的是针对所有相对风险,评估测试干预措施相对于对照干预措施的优越性。我们讨论用于功效和样本量计算的一般近似方法,并评估所需的样本量,功效和I型误差如何根据端点之间的相关性变化。我们还将讨论一个简单但保守的过程,以进行适当的样本量计算。然后,我们扩展允许使用组顺序方法进行临时监视的方法。可在线获得本文的补充材料。我们考虑一种场景,该场景的目的是针对所有相对风险,评估测试干预相对于对照干预的优越性。我们讨论用于功效和样本量计算的一般近似方法,并评估所需的样本量,功效和I型误差如何根据端点之间的相关性变化。我们还将讨论一个简单但保守的过程,以进行适当的样本量计算。然后,我们扩展允许使用组顺序方法进行临时监视的方法。可在线获得本文的补充材料。I型错误和I型错误随端点之间的相关性而变化。我们还将讨论一个简单但保守的过程,以进行适当的样本量计算。然后,我们扩展允许使用组顺序方法进行临时监视的方法。可在线获得本文的补充材料。I型错误和I型错误随端点之间的相关性而变化。我们还将讨论一个简单但保守的过程,以进行适当的样本量计算。然后,我们扩展允许使用组顺序方法进行临时监视的方法。可在线获得本文的补充材料。

更新日期:2015-06-24
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