Encounters between Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos) and humans that result in human injuries and fatalities typically coincide with den entry in October and November, and commonly occur near a den. Our aim was to determine when bears arrive at their dens, identify potential predictors of this event, document behavior and activity associated with this period, and attempt to explain the increased risk of bear‐caused human injuries in this period. We analyzed global positioning system (GPS) location and activity data from brown bears in south‐central Sweden, using generalized linear mixed models, statistical process control, and activity analyses. Bears arrived at their den sites between 6 October and 1 December. Timing varied by reproductive category, bear age, and year. Half of all bears significantly reduced their activity before arriving at the den area: on average 2,169 m away from the den and 1.8 days before arrival. The other half reduced their activity after arriving at the den area. The latter bears took longer time to reach hibernation activity levels, but we did not find a difference in the start date of hibernation between the 2 groups. Bears also appeared to be sensitive to disturbance in this period, with higher den abandonment rates than later in winter, particularly for males and for bears that had not visited their den sites previously. Den entry occurred from October to December, with high variability and poor predictability of its timing. Therefore, restricting hunting or other recreation activities to reduce risk of injury by bears and disturbing bears probably would be both impractical and ineffective. Our findings can be used to educate hunters about bear behavior at this time of year. Many people associate dens with an increased risk of a bear responding aggressively to disturbance to defend its den, but our results indicate that other behavioral, and possibly physiological, changes in this period also may be involved. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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斯堪的纳维亚棕熊的书房进入行为：对预防人为伤害的意义。

斯堪的纳维亚棕熊之间的count（Ursus arctos），导致人身伤害和死亡的人通常会在10月和11月进入凹穴，并且通常发生在凹穴附近。我们的目的是确定熊何时到达其巢穴，确定该事件的潜在预测因素，记录与该时期相关的行为和活动，并试图解释这一时期熊引起的人为伤害的风险增加。我们使用广义线性混合模型，统计过程控制和活动分析，分析了瑞典中南部的棕熊的全球定位系统（GPS）的位置和活动数据。熊在10月6日至12月1日期间到达它们的巢穴。时间因生殖类别，熊龄和年份而异。所有熊中有一半在到达巢穴区之前显着减少了活动：平均而言，有2只 距书房169 m，抵达前1.8天。另一半在到达书房区后减少了活动。后者的熊花了更长的时间才能达到冬眠活动的水平，但是我们没有发现两组的冬眠开始日期有所不同。在这一时期，熊似乎对扰动也很敏感，空巢率比冬天晚些时候高，尤其是对于雄性和先前未曾访问过其巢穴的熊。巢穴进入发生在10月至12月之间，变异性高，时间可预测性差。因此，限制狩猎或其他娱乐活动以减少熊和打扰熊的伤害的风险可能既不切实际，也没有效果。我们的发现可用于在一年中的这个时候对猎人进行有关熊行为的教育。许多人将窝点与熊积极应对干扰以保护窝点的风险增加联系起来，但我们的结果表明，在此期间，其他行为和可能的生理变化也可能参与其中。©2014作者。这野生动物协会出版的《野生动物管理杂志》。