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The mating brain: early maturing sneaker males maintain investment into the brain also under fast body growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Evolutionary Ecology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2014-06-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9715-x Alexander Kotrschal 1 , Susanne Trombley 2 , Björn Rogell 3 , Ioana Brannström 4 , Eric Foconi 5 , Monika Schmitz 2 , Niclas Kolm 6
Evolutionary Ecology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2014-06-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9715-x Alexander Kotrschal 1 , Susanne Trombley 2 , Björn Rogell 3 , Ioana Brannström 4 , Eric Foconi 5 , Monika Schmitz 2 , Niclas Kolm 6
Affiliation
Abstract
It has been suggested that mating behaviours require high levels of cognitive ability. However, since investment into mating and the brain both are costly features, their relationship is likely characterized by energetic trade-offs. Empirical data on the subject remains equivocal. We investigated if early sexual maturation was associated with brain development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), in which males can either stay in the river and sexually mature at a small size (sneaker males) or migrate to the sea and delay sexual maturation until they have grown much larger (anadromous males). Specifically, we tested how sexual maturation may induce plastic changes in brain development by rearing juveniles on either natural or ad libitum feeding levels. After their first season we compared brain size and brain region volumes across both types of male mating tactics and females. Body growth increased greatly across both male mating tactics and females during ad libitum feeding as compared to natural feeding levels. However, despite similar relative increases in body size, early maturing sneaker males maintained larger relative brain size during ad libitum feeding levels as compared to anadromous males and females. We also detected several differences in the relative size of separate brain regions across feeding treatments, sexes and mating strategies. For instance, the relative size of the cognitive centre of the brain, the telencephalon, was largest in sneaker males. Our data support that a large relative brain size is maintained in individuals that start reproduction early also during fast body growth. We propose that the cognitive demands during complex mating behaviours maintain a high level of investment into brain development in reproducing individuals.
中文翻译:
交配大脑:早熟运动鞋的雄性在大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar) 身体快速生长的情况下也保持对大脑的投资
摘要 有人提出交配行为需要高水平的认知能力。然而,由于对交配和大脑的投资都是昂贵的特征,因此它们的关系可能以能量的权衡为特征。关于该主题的经验数据仍然模棱两可。我们调查了大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar) 的早期性成熟是否与大脑发育有关,其中雄性可以留在河中并以较小的体型(运动型雄性)进行性成熟,或者迁移到大海并延迟性成熟,直到它们已经长得更大(溯源雄性)。具体来说,我们测试了性成熟如何通过在自然或随意喂养水平上饲养幼鱼来诱导大脑发育的可塑性变化。在他们的第一个赛季结束后,我们比较了两种类型的雄性交配策略和雌性的大脑大小和大脑区域体积。与自然喂养水平相比,在随意喂养期间,雄性交配策略和雌性的身体生长都大大增加。然而,尽管体型的相对增加类似,但与溯源雄性和雌性相比,早熟的运动鞋雄性在随意喂食期间保持较大的相对大脑尺寸。我们还检测到不同的大脑区域在喂养治疗、性别和交配策略中的相对大小存在一些差异。例如,运动鞋男性的大脑认知中心端脑的相对大小最大。我们的数据支持在身体快速生长期间早期开始繁殖的个体中保持较大的相对大脑尺寸。我们建议复杂交配行为期间的认知需求维持对繁殖个体的大脑发育的高水平投资。
更新日期:2014-06-05
中文翻译:
交配大脑:早熟运动鞋的雄性在大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar) 身体快速生长的情况下也保持对大脑的投资
摘要 有人提出交配行为需要高水平的认知能力。然而,由于对交配和大脑的投资都是昂贵的特征,因此它们的关系可能以能量的权衡为特征。关于该主题的经验数据仍然模棱两可。我们调查了大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar) 的早期性成熟是否与大脑发育有关,其中雄性可以留在河中并以较小的体型(运动型雄性)进行性成熟,或者迁移到大海并延迟性成熟,直到它们已经长得更大(溯源雄性)。具体来说,我们测试了性成熟如何通过在自然或随意喂养水平上饲养幼鱼来诱导大脑发育的可塑性变化。在他们的第一个赛季结束后,我们比较了两种类型的雄性交配策略和雌性的大脑大小和大脑区域体积。与自然喂养水平相比,在随意喂养期间,雄性交配策略和雌性的身体生长都大大增加。然而,尽管体型的相对增加类似,但与溯源雄性和雌性相比,早熟的运动鞋雄性在随意喂食期间保持较大的相对大脑尺寸。我们还检测到不同的大脑区域在喂养治疗、性别和交配策略中的相对大小存在一些差异。例如,运动鞋男性的大脑认知中心端脑的相对大小最大。我们的数据支持在身体快速生长期间早期开始繁殖的个体中保持较大的相对大脑尺寸。我们建议复杂交配行为期间的认知需求维持对繁殖个体的大脑发育的高水平投资。