Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful, non-invasive diagnostic medical imaging technique widely used to acquire detailed information about anatomy and function of different organs in the body, in both health and disease. It utilizes electromagnetic fields of three different frequency bands: static magnetic field (SMF), time-varying gradient magnetic fields (GMF) in the kHz range and pulsed radiofrequency fields (RF) in the MHz range. There have been some investigations examining the extent of genetic damage following exposure of bacterial and human cells to all three frequency bands of electromagnetic fields, as used during MRI: the rationale for these studies is the well documented evidence of positive correlation between significantly increased genetic damage and carcinogenesis. Overall, the published data were not sufficiently informative and useful because of the small sample size, inappropriate comparison of experimental groups, etc. Besides, when an increased damage was observed in MRI-exposed cells, the fate of such lesions was not further explored from multiple 'down-stream' events. This review provides: (i) information on the basic principles used in MRI technology, (ii) detailed experimental protocols, results and critical comments on the genetic damage investigations thus far conducted using MRI equipment and, (iii) a discussion on several gaps in knowledge in the current scientific literature on MRI. Comprehensive, international, multi-centered collaborative studies, using a common and widely used MRI exposure protocol (cardiac or brain scan) incorporating several genetic/epigenetic damage end-points as well as epidemiological investigations, in large number of individuals/patients are warranted to reduce and perhaps, eliminate uncertainties raised in genetic damage investigations in cells exposed in vitro and in vivo to MRI.

中文翻译：

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磁共振成像（MRI）：遗传损伤研究综述。

磁共振成像（MRI）是一种功能强大的非侵入性诊断医学成像技术，广泛用于获取有关人体不同器官在健康和疾病方面的解剖结构和功能的详细信息。它利用三个不同频段的电磁场：静磁场（SMF），kHz范围内的时变梯度磁场（GMF）和MHz范围内的脉冲射频场（RF）。有一些研究检查了细菌和人类细胞暴露于MRI期间使用的所有三个电磁场频带后的遗传损伤程度：这些研究的理由是有据可查的证据表明遗传损伤显着增加之间存在正相关和致癌作用。全面的，由于样本量小，实验组的不适当比较等原因，已发表的数据不足以提供有用的信息。此外，当在MRI暴露的细胞中观察到损伤增加时，这种损伤的命运将不会从多个文献中进一步探讨。下游事件。这篇综述提供了：（i）MRI技术中使用的基本原理的信息，（ii）迄今为止使用MRI设备进行的遗传损伤研究的详细实验方案，结果和关键评论，以及（iii）关于在遗传学研究中存在的一些空白的讨论当前有关MRI的科学文献中的知识。全面的，国际的，多中心的合作研究，