Self-renewal and differentiation are hallmarks of stem cells and controlled by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Increasing evidence indicates that estrogen (E2), the primary female sex hormone, is involved in regulating the proliferation and lineage commitment of adult and pluripotent stem cells as well as modulating the stem cell niche. Thus, a detailed understanding of the role of E2 in behavior of stem cells may help to improve their therapeutic potential. Recently, it has been reported that E2 promotes cell cycle activity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and induces them to megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors during pregnancy. This study paves the way towards a previously unexplored endocrine mechanism that controls stem cell behavior. In this review, we will focus on the scientific findings regarding the regulatory effects of E2 on the hematopoietic system including its microenvironment.

中文翻译：

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造血干细胞及其利基的激素调节：以雌激素为重点。

自我更新和分化是干细胞的标志，并受到各种内在和外在因素的控制。越来越多的证据表明，雌激素（E2）是主要的女性性激素，参与调节成年和多能干细胞的增殖和谱系承诺以及调节干细胞的生态位。因此，对E2在干细胞行为中的作用的详细了解可能有助于提高其治疗潜力。最近，有报道说，E2在怀孕期间促进造血干细胞和祖细胞的细胞周期活性，并诱导它们成为巨核细胞-类红细胞祖细胞。这项研究为控制干细胞行为的先前尚未探索的内分泌机制铺平了道路。在这篇评论中，