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The effects of co-occurring ADHD symptoms on electrophysiological correlates of cognitive control in young people with Tourette syndrome.
Journal of Neuropsychology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2015-04-20 , DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12071
Elizabeth Shephard 1 , Georgina M Jackson 2 , Madeleine J Groom 2
Affiliation  

Efficient cognitive control is implicated in tic control in young people with Tourette syndrome (TS). Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co‐occurs with TS and is associated with impaired cognitive control. Young people with TS and ADHD (TS+ADHD) show poorer cognitive control performance than those with TS, but how co‐occurring ADHD affects underlying neural activity is unknown. We investigated this issue by examining behavioural and event‐related potential (ERP) correlates of cognitive control in young people with these conditions. Participants aged 9–17 with TS (n = 17), TS+ADHD (n = 17), ADHD (n = 11), and unaffected controls (n = 20) performed a visual Go/Nogo task during electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Behavioural performance measures (D‐prime, RT, reaction time variability, post‐error slowing) and ERP measures (N2, P3, error‐related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe)) were analysed in a 2 (TS‐yes, TS‐no) × 2 (ADHD‐yes, ADHD‐no) factorial analysis to investigate the effects of TS, ADHD, and their interaction. The results of these analyses showed that ADHD was associated with poorer performance and reduced amplitude of all ERPs, reflecting widespread cognitive control impairments. Tourette syndrome was associated with slowed RTs, which might reflect a compensatory slowing of motor output to facilitate tic control. There was no interaction between the TS and ADHD factors for any behavioural or ERP measure, indicating the impairing effects of ADHD on behaviour and electrophysiological markers of cognitive control were present in TS+ADHD and that RT slowing associated with TS was unaffected by co‐occurring ADHD symptoms.

中文翻译:

共同出现的ADHD症状对图雷特综合症年轻人认知控制的电生理相关性的影响。

有效的认知控制与图雷特综合症(TS)的年轻人的抽动控制有关。注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)经常与TS并发,并且与认知控制受损有关。患有TS和ADHD(TS + ADHD)的年轻人比患有TS的年轻人表现出较差的认知控制性能,但是并发ADHD如何影响潜在的神经活动尚不清楚。我们通过检查与这些情况有关的年轻人的认知控制中与行为和事件相关的潜能(ERP)相关性来调查此问题。年龄为9-17岁的参与者,其中TS(n  = 17),TS + ADHD(n  = 17),ADHD(n  = 11)和未受影响的对照(n = 20)在脑电图(EEG)记录期间执行了可视的Go / Nogo任务。行为表现测度(D-prime,RT,反应时间可变性,误差后减慢)和ERP测度(N2,P3,与误差相关的负性(ERN),误差正性(Pe))在2中进行了分析(TS-是,TS‐no)×2(ADHD‐是,ADHD‐no)因子分析以研究TS,ADHD及其相互作用的影响。这些分析的结果表明,ADHD与较差的绩效和所有ERP的幅度降低相关,反映了广泛的认知控制障碍。Tourette综合征与RT减慢相关,这可能反映出运动输出的补偿性减慢以利于抽动控制。在任何行为或ERP措施中,TS和ADHD因素之间都没有相互作用,
更新日期:2015-04-20
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