Water suppression (WS) techniques have played a vital role in the commencement and development of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS, including spectroscopic imaging - MRSI). WS not only made in vivo proton MRS functionally available but also made its applications conveniently accessible, and it has become an indispensable tool in most of the routine applications of in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. On the other hand, WS brought forth some challenges. Therefore, various techniques of proton MRS without WS have been developed since the pioneering work in the late 1990s. After more than one and a half decades of advances in both hardware and software, non-water-suppressed proton MRS is coming to the stage of maturity and seeing increasing application in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. In this article, we will review progress in the technical development and applications of proton MRS without WS.

中文翻译：

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没有水抑制的大脑质子 MRS 和 MRSI

水抑制 (WS) 技术在体内质子磁共振波谱 (MRS，包括光谱成像 - MRSI) 的开始和发展中发挥了至关重要的作用。WS不仅使体内质子MRS在功能上可用，而且使其应用方便，并且它已成为体内质子MR光谱大多数常规应用中不可或缺的工具。另一方面，WS带来了一些挑战。因此，自 1990 年代后期的开创性工作以来，已经开发了各种无 WS 质子 MRS 技术。经过一年半硬件和软件的进步，非水抑制质子 MRS 已进入成熟阶段，并在生物医学研究和临床诊断中得到越来越多的应用。在本文中，