BACKGROUND Atypical self-processing is an emerging theme in autism research, suggested by lower self-reference effect in memory, and atypical neural responses to visual self-representations. Most research on physical self-processing in autism uses visual stimuli. However, the self is a multimodal construct, and therefore, it is essential to test self-recognition in other sensory modalities as well. Self-recognition in the auditory modality remains relatively unexplored and has not been tested in relation to autism and related traits. This study investigates self-recognition in auditory and visual domain in the general population and tests if it is associated with autistic traits. METHODS Thirty-nine neurotypical adults participated in a two-part study. In the first session, individual participant's voice was recorded and face was photographed and morphed respectively with voices and faces from unfamiliar identities. In the second session, participants performed a 'self-identification' task, classifying each morph as 'self' voice (or face) or an 'other' voice (or face). All participants also completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). For each sensory modality, slope of the self-recognition curve was used as individual self-recognition metric. These two self-recognition metrics were tested for association between each other, and with autistic traits. RESULTS Fifty percent 'self' response was reached for a higher percentage of self in the auditory domain compared to the visual domain (t = 3.142; P < 0.01). No significant correlation was noted between self-recognition bias across sensory modalities (τ = -0.165, P = 0.204). Higher recognition bias for self-voice was observed in individuals higher in autistic traits (τ AQ = 0.301, P = 0.008). No such correlation was observed between recognition bias for self-face and autistic traits (τ AQ = -0.020, P = 0.438). CONCLUSIONS Our data shows that recognition bias for physical self-representation is not related across sensory modalities. Further, individuals with higher autistic traits were better able to discriminate self from other voices, but this relation was not observed with self-face. A narrow self-other overlap in the auditory domain seen in individuals with high autistic traits could arise due to enhanced perceptual processing of auditory stimuli often observed in individuals with autism.

中文翻译：

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那是我吗？感觉方式的自我识别偏差及其与自闭症特征的关系。

背景非典型的自我加工是自闭症研究中的一个新兴主题，表现为记忆中较低的自我参照效应，以及对视觉自我表征的非典型神经反应。大多数关于自闭症身体自我处理的研究都使用视觉刺激。然而，自我是一个多模态结构，因此，在其他感觉模态中测试自我识别也是必不可少的。听觉模式中的自我识别仍然相对未经探索，并且尚未针对自闭症和相关特征进行测试。这项研究调查了普通人群在听觉和视觉领域的自我识别，并测试它是否与自闭症特征相关。方法 39 名具有典型神经症状的成年人参加了一项分为两部分的研究。在第一次会议中，个人参与者' 录制了她的声音，并对来自陌生身份的声音和面孔分别进行了拍照和变形。在第二次会议中，参与者执行“自我识别”任务，将每个变形分类为“自我”声音（或面孔）或“其他”声音（或面孔）。所有参与者还完成了自闭症谱商 (AQ)。对于每种感觉方式，自我识别曲线的斜率被用作个体自我识别度量。这两个自我识别指标被测试为彼此之间的关联，以及与自闭症特征的关联。结果 与视觉域相比，听觉域中更高百分比的自我达到了 50% 的“自我”反应（t = 3.142；P < 0.01）。跨感觉方式的自我识别偏差之间没有显着相关性（τ = -0。165，P = 0.204）。在自闭症特征较高的个体中观察到对自我声音的较高识别偏差（τ AQ = 0.301，P = 0.008）。在自我面孔和自闭症特征的识别偏差之间没有观察到这种相关性（τ AQ = -0.020，P = 0.438）。结论 我们的数据表明，身体自我表征的识别偏差与感觉方式无关。此外，具有较高自闭症特征的人能够更好地将自己与其他声音区分开来，但这种关系在自我面孔中没有观察到。由于在自闭症患者中经常观察到的听觉刺激的感知处理增强，可能会出现在具有高度自闭症特征的个体的听觉域中的狭窄自我重叠。在自闭症特征较高的个体中观察到对自我声音的较高识别偏差（τ AQ = 0.301，P = 0.008）。在自我面孔和自闭症特征的识别偏差之间没有观察到这种相关性（τ AQ = -0.020，P = 0.438）。结论 我们的数据表明，身体自我表征的识别偏差与感觉方式无关。此外，具有较高自闭症特征的个体能够更好地将自己与其他声音区分开来，但这种关系在自我面孔中没有观察到。由于在自闭症患者中经常观察到的听觉刺激的感知处理增强，可能会出现在具有高度自闭症特征的个体的听觉域中的狭窄自我重叠。在自闭症特征较高的个体中观察到对自我声音的较高识别偏差（τ AQ = 0.301，P = 0.008）。在自我面孔和自闭症特征的识别偏差之间没有观察到这种相关性（τ AQ = -0.020，P = 0.438）。结论 我们的数据表明，身体自我表征的识别偏差与感觉方式无关。此外，具有较高自闭症特征的个体能够更好地将自己与其他声音区分开来，但这种关系在自我面孔中没有观察到。由于在自闭症患者中经常观察到的听觉刺激的感知处理增强，可能会出现在具有高度自闭症特征的个体的听觉域中的狭窄自我重叠。020，P = 0.438）。结论 我们的数据表明，身体自我表征的识别偏差与感觉方式无关。此外，具有较高自闭症特征的人能够更好地将自己与其他声音区分开来，但这种关系在自我面孔中没有观察到。由于在自闭症患者中经常观察到的听觉刺激的感知处理增强，可能会出现在具有高度自闭症特征的个体的听觉域中的狭窄自我重叠。020，P = 0.438）。结论 我们的数据表明，身体自我表征的识别偏差与感觉方式无关。此外，具有较高自闭症特征的个体能够更好地将自己与其他声音区分开来，但这种关系在自我面孔中没有观察到。由于在自闭症患者中经常观察到的听觉刺激的感知处理增强，可能会出现在具有高度自闭症特征的个体的听觉域中的狭窄自我重叠。