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Differential induction of T-cell tolerance by tumour fibroblast subsets Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Zoe MX Chua, Fitsumbhran Tajebe, Mohammed Abuwarwar, Anne L Fletcher
T-cell immunotherapy is now a first-line cancer treatment for metastatic melanoma and some lung cancer subtypes, which is a welcome clinical success. However, the response rates observed in these diseases are not yet replicated across other prominent solid tumour types, particularly stromal-rich subtypes with a complex microenvironment that suppresses infiltrating T cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts
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Molecular mechanisms of tumour necrosis factor signalling via TNF receptor 1 and TNF receptor 2 in the tumour microenvironment Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Louisa F Alim, Colm Keane, Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a primary mediator of inflammatory processes by facilitating cell death, immune cell activation and triggering of inflammation. In the cancer context, research has revealed TNF as a multifaceted cytokine that can be both pro- or anti-tumorigenic depending on what context is observed. We explore the plethora of ways that TNF and its receptors manipulate the functional
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Editorial overview: The march of mucosal vaccines Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 EC Lavelle, Meritxell Genescà
Abstract not available
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Differential signaling by type-I and type-III interferons in mucosa Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Megan L Stanifer, Steeve Boulant
Mucosal surfaces are barrier sites that protect the body from the outside environment. They have developed mechanisms to handle microbiota-associated triggers while remaining responsive to pathogens. Cells at mucosal surfaces rely on both the type-I and -III interferons (IFNs) as key cytokines to protect the epithelium itself and to prevent systemic spread of viral infections. Type-I and -III IFNs
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Recent advances in enterotoxin vaccine adjuvants Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Jessica W Crothers, Elizabeth B Norton
Enterotoxin adjuvants have been researched for their ability to promote immunity to co-delivered antigens. Outside of cholera vaccines, however, these proteins have yet to be included in any currently licensed vaccines. They include molecules derived from the bacterial toxins of Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin, or Escherichia coli, heat-labile toxin, such as detoxified mutants or subunits. This class
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Animal models of shigellosis: a historical overview Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Noémie Alphonse, Charlotte Odendall
Shigella spp. are major causative agents of bacillary dysentery, a severe enteric disease characterized by destruction and inflammation of the colonic epithelium accompanied by acute diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Although antibiotics have traditionally been effective, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains is increasing, stressing the urgent need for a vaccine. The human-specific nature
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AP-1 transcription factors in cytotoxic lymphocyte development and antitumor immunity Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-04 Diana Schnoegl, Angela Hiesinger, Nicholas D Huntington, Dagmar Gotthardt
The proper functioning of cytotoxic lymphocytes, such as natural killer and CD8+ T cells, is essential for effective cancer-immunity and immunotherapy responses. The differentiation of these cells is controlled by several transcription factors (TFs), including members of the activator protein (AP)-1 family. The activity of AP-1 family members is regulated by various immune signaling pathways, which
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The future of vaccination in Latin America: learning from the COVID-19 pandemic Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Fernando E Díaz, Lourdes Arruvito, Jorge Geffner
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused millions of deaths around the world. This dramatic balance requires governments, international organizations, vaccine manufacturers, and the scientific community itself to take stock of what has been done and what could have been done better. In this sense, the tremendous inequity in access to vaccines, the main tool to deal with the pandemic, deserves deep reflection
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Challenges and opportunities in the development of mucosal mRNA vaccines Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Ameya R Kirtane, Chaoyang Tang, Dylan Freitas, Joshua D Bernstock, Giovanni Traverso
mRNA vaccines have played a critical role in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and are being actively studied for use in other diseases. There is a growing interest in applying mRNA vaccines at mucosal surfaces as it enables access to a unique immune reservoir in a less-invasive manner. However, mucosal surfaces present several barriers to mRNA uptake, including degrading enzymes, mucus, and clearance
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The role of interferon in the thymus Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Ryan J Martinez, Kristin A Hogquist
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of proteins that are generated in response to viral infection and induce an antiviral response in many cell types. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that patients with inborn errors of type-I IFN immunity were more prone to severe infections, but also found that many patients with severe COVID-19 had anti-IFN autoantibodies that led to acquired defects in type-I IFN immunity
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Inflammasome activation by SARS-CoV-2 and its participation in COVID-19 exacerbation Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Tamara S Rodrigues, Dario S Zamboni
COVID-19 is an infectious and inflammatory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) that might progress to severe illness in humans, characterized by excessive pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Exacerbated production of inflammatory cytokines and cell death contributes to disease aggravation and the inflammasomes take a central stage in this process. Activation
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Pharma — manufacturing: the unappreciated and overlooked indispensable skill Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Jenik Radon, Grace Pan
The process of vaccine production, manufacturing, is time-intensive, complex, expensive, and highly technical, requiring close coordination and collaboration among multiple companies with different inputs, from active pharmaceutical ingredients to glass, and specializations, and with the supply chains spread across many countries. Covid-19 pandemic highlighted that neglecting and ignoring the need
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Lessons learned from the successful polio vaccine experience not learned or applied with the development and implementation of the COVID-19 vaccines Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Charles S Pavia, Maria M Plummer
The eradication of polio during the latter half of the 20th century can be considered one of the greatest medical triumphs in history. This achievement can be attributed to the development of vaccines that received the public's almost unwavering acceptance of them, especially by parents who had been waiting/hoping for a medical breakthrough that would ensure that their children would not succumb to
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Outer membrane vesicle-based intranasal vaccines Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Peter Van der Ley, Virgil EJC Schijns
Delivery of vaccines via the mucosal route is regarded as the most effective mode of immunization to counteract infectious diseases that enter via mucosal tissues, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, intestinal, and urogenital surfaces. Mucosal vaccines not only induce local immune effector elements, such as secretory Immunoglobulin A (IgA) reaching the luminal site of the mucosa, but also systemic immunity
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An easy pill to swallow: oral recombinant vaccines for the 21st century Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Molly R Braun, Becca A Flitter, William Sun, Sean N Tucker
Oral vaccines have a distinctive advantage of stimulating immune responses in the mucosa, where numerous pathogens gain entry and cause disease. Although various efforts have been attempted to create recombinant mucosal vaccines that provoke strong immunogenicity, the outcomes in clinical trials have been weak or inconsistent. Therefore, next-generation mucosal vaccines are needed that are more immunogenic
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The role of the antigen processing machinery in the regulation and trafficking of intracellular -Toll-like receptor molecules Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Moïse de Lavergne, Lucie Maisonneuve, Katrina Podsypanina, Bénédicte Manoury
Intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system. Their expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and in particular dendritic cells (DCs), makes them critical in the induction of the adaptive immune response. In DCs, they interact with the chaperone UNC93B1 that mediates their trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to endosomes where they are cleaved
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Human guanylate-binding proteins in intracellular pathogen detection, destruction, and host cell death induction Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Yolanda Rivera-Cuevas, Barbara Clough, Eva-Maria Frickel
Cell-intrinsic defense is an essential part of the immune response against intracellular pathogens regulated by cytokine-induced proteins and pathways. One of the most upregulated families of proteins in this defense system are the guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), large GTPases of the dynamin family, induced in response to interferon gamma. Human GBPs (hGBPs) exert their antimicrobial activity through
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Developments in oral enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccines Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-29 Ann-Mari Svennerholm, Anna Lundgren
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries and in travelers. WHO has affirmed ETEC as a priority vaccine target, but there is no licensed ETEC vaccine available yet. We here describe recent, promising developments of different live, inactivated, and subunit ETEC candidate vaccines expressing or containing nontoxic enterotoxin and/or colonization
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Commander-in-chief: monocytes rally the troops for defense against aspergillosis Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-29 Keyi Wang, Vanessa Espinosa, Amariliz Rivera
The detrimental impact of fungal infections to human health has steadily increased over the past decades. In October of 2022, the World Health Organization published the first ever fungal-pathogen priority list highlighting increased awareness of this problem, and the need for more research in this area. There were four distinct fungal pathogens identified as critical priority groups with Aspergillus
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Viral-vectored respiratory mucosal vaccine strategies Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Mangalakumari Jeyanathan, Sam Afkhami, Alisha Kang, Zhou Xing
Increasing global concerns of pandemic respiratory viruses highlight the importance of developing optimal vaccination strategies that encompass vaccine platform, delivery route, and regimens. The decades-long effort to develop vaccines to combat respiratory infections such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and tuberculosis has met with challenges, including the inability of systemically administered
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Tissue-specific macrophage immunometabolism Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-18
Macrophages are phagocytic cells distributed across tissues that sustain homeostasis by constantly probing their local environment. Upon perturbations, macrophages rewire their energy metabolism to execute their immune programs. Intensive research in the field of immunometabolism highlights cell-intrinsic immunometabolites such as succinate and itaconate as immunomodulatory signals. A role for cell-extrinsic
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Interleukin-15 cytokine checkpoints in natural killer cell anti-tumor immunity Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-12
Over recent years, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has progressed to first and second-line treatments in several cancer types, transforming patient outcomes. While these treatments target T cell checkpoints, such as PD-1, LAG3 and CTLA-4, their efficacy can be compromised through adaptive resistance whereby tumors acquire mutations in genes regulating neoantigen presentation by MHC-I
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Ubiquitination and cell-autonomous immunity Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-12
Cell-autonomous immunity is the first line of defense by which cells recognize and contribute to eliminating invasive pathogens. It is composed of immune signaling networks that sense microbial pathogens, promote pathogen restriction, and stimulate their elimination, including host cell death. Ubiquitination is a pivotal orchestrator of these pathways, by changing the activity of signal transducers
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Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: double agents in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-13
In addition to housing the major energy-producing pathways in cells, mitochondria are active players in innate immune responses. One critical way mitochondria fulfill this role is by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) that are recognized by innate sensors to activate pathways including, but not limited to, cytokine expression, selective autophagy, and cell death. Mitochondrial
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Granulocytes subsets and their divergent functions in host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis — a ‘tipping-point’ model of disease exacerbation Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Katrin D Mayer-Barber
Granulocytes are innate immune effector cells with essential functions in host resistance to bacterial infections. I will discuss emerging evidence that during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, counter-intuitively, eosinophils are host-protective while neutrophils are host detrimental. Additionally, I will propose a ‘tipping-point’ model in which neutrophils are an integral part of a feedforward
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Turning foes into permissive hosts: manipulation of macrophage polarization by intracellular bacteria Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Trung HM Pham, Denise M Monack
Macrophages function as tissue-immune sentinels and mediate key antimicrobial responses against bacterial pathogens. Yet, they can also act as a cellular niche for intracellular bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, to persist in infected tissues. Macrophages exhibit heterogeneous activation or polarization, states that are linked to differential antibacterial responses and bacteria permissiveness
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Major histocompatibility complex class I assembly within endolysosomal pathways Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Eli Olson, Malini Raghavan
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) molecules facilitate subcellular immune surveillance by presenting peptides on the cell surface. MHC class I assembly with peptides generally happens in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Peptides are processed in the cytosol, transported into the ER, and assembled with MHC class I heavy and light chains. However, as many pathogens reside within multiple
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ERBIN and phosphoglucomutase 3 deficiency Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-25 Joshua D Milner
ERBIN and phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) mutations both lead to rare primary atopic disorders characterized by allergic disease and connective tissue abnormalities, though each disorder has its own rather unique pattern of multisystem presentations. Pathway studies show how ERBIN mutations allow for enhanced TGFb signaling, and prevent STAT3 from negative-regulating TGFb signaling. This likely explains
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Spatiotemporal and cell-state control of antigen presentation during tolerance and immunity Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Jyh Liang Hor, Ronald N Germain
Effective adaptive immunity is rendered possible by highly organized tissue architecture and coordinated cellular crosstalk. While detailed spatiotemporal analyses of antigen presentation and adaptive immune activation in secondary lymphoid tissues have been a major focus of study, it is clear that antigen presentation in other tissues also plays a critical role in shaping the immune response. In this
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Nasal vaccines for pertussis Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-10 Pauline Schmitt, Lisa Borkner, Seyed Davoud Jazayeri, Karen N McCarthy, Kingston HG Mills
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Get into the groove! The influence of TAPBPR on cargo selection Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Reem Satti, Jack L Morley, Louise H Boyle
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Z-form nucleic acid-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as a sensor of viral and cellular Z-RNAs: waalking the razor's edge Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-03 Carly DeAntoneo, Alan Herbert, Siddharth Balachandran
Z-form nucleic acid-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) detects viral Z-form RNAs (Z-RNAs), activates receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, and triggers cell death during both RNA and DNA virus infections. Such cell death promotes virus clearance by eliminating infected cells and galvanizing antiviral immunity, and is thus often targeted for evasion by virus-encoded suppressors. Recent evidence demonstrates
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Role of mouse dendritic cell subsets in priming naive CD4 T cells Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-03 Naoya Tatsumi, Yosuke Kumamoto
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that consist of developmentally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct subsets. Following immunization, each subset of cDCs acquires the antigen and presents it to CD4T (CD4+ T (cells)) cells with distinct spatiotemporal kinetics in the secondary lymphoid organs, often causing multiple waves of antigen presentation to CD4T
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Molecular insights into metabolite antigen recognition by mucosal-associated invariant T cells Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-03 Wael Awad, Lisa Ciacchi, James McCluskey, David P Fairlie, Jamie Rossjohn
Metabolite-based T-cell immunity is emerging as a major player in antimicrobial immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer. Here, small-molecule metabolites were identified to be captured and presented by the major histocompatibility complex class-I-related molecule (MR1) to T cells, namely mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) and diverse MR1-restricted T cells. Both MR1 and MAIT are evolutionarily
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Recent progress in type 1 classical dendritic cell cross-presentation - cytosolic, vacuolar, or both? Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-03 Ray A Ohara, Kenneth M Murphy
Type 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1s) have emerged as the major antigen-presenting cell performing cross-presentation (XP) in vivo, but the antigen-processing pathway in this cell remains obscure. Two competing models for in vivo XP of cell-associated antigens by cDC1 include a vacuolar pathway and cytosolic pathway. A vacuolar pathway relies on directing antigens captured in vesicles toward a class I
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Beyond natural biology: rewiring cellular networks to study innate immunity Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Lauren M Landau, Jonathan C Kagan
Within immune cells, microbial and self-ligands trigger pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to nucleate and activate the signaling organelles of the immune system. Much work in this area has derived from observational biology of natural innate immune signaling. More recently, synthetic biology approaches have been used to rewire and study innate immune networks. By utilizing controllable chemical
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PANoptosome signaling and therapeutic implications in infection: central role for ZBP1 to activate the inflammasome and PANoptosis Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Rajendra Karki, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against infection and disease. Regulated cell death (RCD) is a key component of innate immune activation, and RCD must be tightly controlled to clear pathogens while preventing excess inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted a central role for the innate immune sensor Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as an activator of a form of inflammatory
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Game of Omes: ribosome profiling expands the MHC-I immunopeptidome Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-27 Jaroslav Holly, Jonathan W Yewdell
Peptide ligands presented by cell-surface MHC class-I molecules enable T cells to eradicate intracellular pathogens and cancers. The presented peptide repertoire, the class-I immunopeptidome, is generated from each cell’s translatome in a highly biased manner to avoid overrepresenting highly abundant translation products. The immunopeptidome can only be defined by mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we review
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CD1 displays its own negative regulators Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Adam Shahine, Ildiko Van Rhijn, Jamie Rossjohn, D. Branch Moody
After two decades of the study of lipid antigens that activate CD1-restricted T cells, new studies show how autoreactive αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) can directly recognize the outer surface of CD1 proteins in ways that are lipid-agnostic. Most recently, this lipid agnosticism has turned to negativity, with the discovery of natural CD1 ligands that dominantly negatively block autoreactive αβ TCR binding
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Eat, prey, love: Pathogen-mediated subversion of lysosomal biology Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Lauren E Bird, Laura E Edgington-Mitchell, Hayley J Newton
The mammalian lysosome is classically considered the 'garbage can' of the cell, contributing to clearance of infection through its primary function as a degradative organelle. Intracellular pathogens have evolved several strategies to evade contact with this harsh environment through subversion of endolysosomal trafficking or escape into the cytosol. Pathogens can also manipulate pathways that lead
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Functional flexibility and plasticity in immune control of systemic Salmonella infection Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Sven Engel, Annabell Bachem, Richard A Strugnell, Andreas Strasser, Marco J Herold, Sammy Bedoui
Immunity to systemic Salmonella infection depends on multiple effector mechanisms. Lymphocyte-derived interferon gamma (IFN-γ) enhances cell-intrinsic bactericidal capabilities to antagonize the hijacking of phagocytes as replicative niches for Salmonella. Programmed cell death (PCD) provides another means through which phagocytes fight against intracellular Salmonella. We describe remarkable levels
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The multifaceted roles of CD4+ T cells and MHC class II in cancer surveillance Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Emma Bawden, Thomas Gebhardt
CD4+ T cells exhibit diverse functions in cancer surveillance. Concordantly, single-cell transcriptional analyses have revealed several distinct CD4+ T-cell differentiation states in tumours, including cytotoxic and regulatory subsets associated with favourable or unfavourable outcomes, respectively. These transcriptional states are determined and further shaped by dynamic interactions of CD4+ T cells
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Visualising tapasin- and TAPBPR-assisted editing of major histocompatibility complex class-I immunopeptidomes Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Andy van Hateren, Tim Elliott
Which peptides are selected for presentation by major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) molecules is a key determinant of successful immune responses. Peptide selection is co-ordinated by the tapasin and TAP Binding PRotein (TAPBPR) proteins, which ensure MHC-I molecules preferentially acquire high-affinity-binding peptides. New structural analyses have offered insight into how tapasin achieves
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Transcriptomics of Epstein–Barr virus aids to the classification of T-cell evasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-24 Shweta Mahajan, Michiel Bongaerts, Jose Hardillo, Anna Tsang, Kwok W Lo, Dian Kortleve, Brigette Ma, Reno Debets
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In the right place at the right time: tissue-resident memory T cells in immunity to cancer Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Delaney E Ramirez, Asmaa Mohamed, Yina H Huang, Mary Jo Turk
Tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells have recently emerged as essential components of the immune response to cancer. Here, we highlight new studies that demonstrate how CD8+ Trm cells are ideally suited to accumulate in tumors and associated tissues, to recognize a wide range of tumor antigens (Ags), and to persist as durable memory. We discuss compelling evidence that Trm cells maintain potent recall
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M1-aminopeptidase family — beyond antigen-trimming activities Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-20 Irini Evnouchidou, Despoina Koumantou, Mathilde Nugue, Loredana Saveanu
Antigen (Ag)-trimming aminopeptidases belong to the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 metallopeptidases. In humans, this subfamily contains the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and 2) and the insulin-responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP, synonym oxytocinase), an endosomal enzyme. The ability of these enzymes to trim antigenic precursors and to generate major histocompatibility class-I ligands
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In search of the cell biology for self- versus non-self- recognition Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Sebastien Apcher, Borek Vojtesek, Robin Fahraeus
Several of today’s cancer treatments are based on the immune system’s capacity to detect and destroy cells expressing neoantigens on major histocompatibility class-I molecules (MHC-I). Despite this, we still do not know the cell biology behind how antigenic peptide substrates (APSs) for the MHC-I pathway are produced. Indeed, there are few research fields with so many divergent views as the one concerning
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The thymoproteasome in shaping the CD8+ T-cell repertoire Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Yousuke Takahama
The thymoproteasome is a type of proteasome expressed specifically in thymic cortical epithelial cells. Thymoproteasome affects antigen processing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I-associated peptides and optimizes positive selection of CD8+ T cells. However, it remains unanswered whether and how thymoproteasome-dependent MHC-I-associated self-peptides contribute to positive selection of
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TH17 cell immune adaptation Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Theodora Agalioti, Filippo Cortesi, Nicola Gagliani
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‘Persistent germinal center responses: slow-growing trees bear the best fruits’ Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-05 Hanover C Matz, Katherine M McIntire, Ali H Ellebedy
Germinal centers (GCs) are key microanatomical sites in lymphoid organs where responding B cells mature and undergo affinity-based selection. The duration of the GC reaction has long been assumed to be relatively brief, but recent studies in humans, nonhuman primates, and mice indicate that GCs can last for weeks to months after initial antigen exposure. This review examines recent studies investigating
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Trogocytosis and cross-dressing in antigen presentation Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Patrick Schriek, Jose A Villadangos
Antigen (Ag)-presenting cells capture or synthesize Ags that are processed into peptides bound and displayed on the plasma membrane by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Here, we review a mechanism that enables cells to present Ag-loaded MHC molecules that they have not produced themselves, namely trogocytosis. During trogocytosis, a cell acquires fragments from another living cell without
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Tumor immune evasion through loss of MHC class-I antigen presentation Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Gulce Sari, Kenneth L Rock
CD8 T cells recognize cancers when they detect antigenic peptides presented on a tumor’s surface MHC-I molecules. Since MHC-I antigen presentation is not essential for cell growth or survival, many cancers inactivate this pathway, and thereby escape control by CD8 T cells. Such immune evasion allows cancers to progress and also become resistant to CD8 T- cell-based immunotherapies, such as checkpoint
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Major histocompatibility complex class II in the tumor microenvironment: functions of nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-30 Anne M Macy, Lauren M Herrmann, Anngela C Adams, K Taraszka Hastings
Major histocompatibility complex class-II-restricted presentation by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment can regulate antitumor T-cell responses. In murine models, tumor cell-specific MHC class II expression decreases in vivo tumor growth, dependent on T cells. Tumor cell-specific MHC class II expression is associated with improved survival and response to immune
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Microevolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Nina Cramer, Jens Klockgether, Burkhard Tümmler
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TAP-ing into the cross-presentation secrets of dendritic cells Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Kristel Joy Yee Mon, J. Magarian Blander
Viral blockade of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) diminishes surface and endosomal recycling compartment levels of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) in dendritic cells (DCs), and compromises both classical MHC-I presentation and canonical cross-presentation during infection to impair CD8 T-cell immunity. Virus-specific CD8 T cells are thought to be cross-primed
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Inherited human ZNF341 deficiency Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 Vivien Béziat, Claire Fieschi, Mana Momenilandi, Mélanie Migaud, Brahim Belaid, Reda Djidjik, Anne Puel
Typical hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES) are caused by autosomal-dominant-negative (DN) variants of STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3) or IL6ST (Interleukin 6 Cytokine Family Signal Transducer), biallelic partial loss-of-function (LOF) variants of IL6ST, or biallelic complete LOF variants of ZNF341 (Zinc Finger Protein 341). Including the two new cases described in this review, only
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Regulation of MHC class II and CD86 expression by March-I in immunity and disease Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Joanna Bandola-Simon, Paul A Roche
The expression of MHC-II and CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) must be tightly regulated to foster antigen-specific CD4 T-cell activation and to prevent autoimmunity. Surface expression of these proteins is regulated by their dynamic ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I. March-I promotes turnover of peptide–MHC-II complexes on resting APCs and termination of March-I
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Immunological scars after cure of hepatitis C virus infection: Long‐HepC? Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Markus Cornberg, Jasmin Mischke, Anke RM Kraft, Heiner Wedemeyer
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of spontaneous or treatment-induced viral elimination on the human immune system. Twenty to 50% of patients with acute HCV infection spontaneously clear the virus, which is related to the quality of the individual's immune response, while the chronic infection is associated with an altered and impaired immune response
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Systems biology approaches to unravel lymphocyte subsets and function Curr. Opin. Immunol. (IF 7.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-05 YeEun Kim, William J Greenleaf, Sean C Bendall
Single-cell technologies have revealed the extensive heterogeneity and complexity of the immune system. Systems biology approaches in immunology have taken advantage of the high-parameter, high-throughput data and analyzed immune cell types in a ‘bottom-up’ data-driven method. This approach has discovered previously unrecognized cell types and functions. Especially for human immunology, in which experimental