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Histopathology of growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors: State of the art and new perspectives Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Federica Guaraldi, Francesca Ambrosi, Costantino Ricci, Luisa Di Sciascio, Sofia Asioli
Somatotroph (GH) adenomas/PitNETs typically arise from adenohypophysis and are biochemically active, leading to acromegaly and gigantism. More rarely, they present with ectopic origin and do not present overt biochemical or clinical features (silent variants). Histopathological examination should consider the clinical and radiological background, and include multiple steps assessing tumor morphology
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Predictors of biochemical response to somatostatin receptor ligands in acromegaly Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Mónica Marazuela, Rebeca Martínez-Hernandez, Montserrat Marques-Pamies, Betina Biagetti, Marta Araujo-Castro, Manel Puig-Domingo
Although predictors of response to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRLs), and to a lesser extent to pasireotide, have been studied in acromegaly for many years, their use is still not recommended in clinical guidelines. Is there insufficient evidence to use them? Numerous biomarkers including various clinical, functional, radiological and molecular markers have been identified. The
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Genetic diagnosis in acromegaly and gigantism: From research to clinical practice Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Claudia Ramírez-Rentería, Laura C. Hernández-Ramírez
It is usually considered that only 5% of all pituitary neuroendocrine tumours are due to inheritable causes. Since this estimate was reported, however, multiple genetic defects driving syndromic and nonsyndromic somatotrophinomas have been unveiled. This heterogeneous genetic background results in overlapping phenotypes of GH excess. Genetic tests should be part of the approach to patients with acromegaly
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Real-world value of cabergoline in the treatment of acromegaly Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 I, l, a, n, , S, h, i, m, o, n
Cabergoline is an ergot derivative long-acting dopamine receptor 2 (DR2) selective agonist administered orally and widely used for the treatment of prolactin-secreting adenomas and Parkinson’s disease DR2 is expressed in most somatotroph adenomas. In acromegaly, cabergoline is used off-label and its role is limited by the relatively modest efficacy for achieving hormonal remission and thus, it is largely
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Treatment of acromegaly with oral octreotide Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Ilan Remba-Shapiro, Lisa B. Nachtigall
Acromegaly is a rare disease caused by a growth hormone excess, usually due to a secreting pituitary adenoma. Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) are the mainstay of medical therapy for patients with acromegaly who fail to achieve biochemical control post-operatively or are not eligible for surgical treatment. SRLs are typically administered as monthly injections and have shown to be effective in maintaining
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The clinical and biochemical spectrum of ectopic acromegaly Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Patricia Fainstein-Day, Tamara Estefanía Ullmann, Mercedes Corina Liliana Dalurzo, Gustavo Emilio Sevlever, David Eduardo Smith
Ectopic acromegaly is a rare condition caused by extrapituitary central or peripheral neuroendocrine tumours (NET) that hypersecrete GH or, more commonly, GHRH. It affects less than 1% of acromegaly patients and a misdiagnosis of classic acromegaly can lead to an inappropriate pituitary surgery. Four types of ectopic acromegaly have been described: 1) Central ectopic GH-secretion: Careful cross-sectional
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“Micromegaly”: Acromegaly with apparently normal GH, an entity on its own? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Lucio Vilar, Luciana Ansaneli Naves, Manoel Ricardo Alves Martins, Antônio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr
A small proportion of the patients with acromegaly present with apparently normal basal GH levels and suppressible GH levels despite increased IGF-1 levels, a pattern called micromegaly by some authors. Whether this pattern represents a distinct entity or is just an expression of acromegaly in its early stages is still a matter of debate. Nevertheless, these patients have some peculiar characteristics
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Surgical outcomes in patients with acromegaly: microscopic vs. endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Gerardo Guinto, Gerardo Y. Guinto-Nishimura, Rodrigo Uribe-Pacheco, Marcos V. Sangrador-Deitos, Eliezer Villanueva-Casto, Ricardo García-Iturbide, David Gallardo, Patricia Guinto, Alejandro Vargas, Norma Aréchiga
Transsphenoidal resection of growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors remains the first-line treatment for acromegaly. This can be performed through microsurgery or endoscopic surgery. For the past decades, endoscopic surgery has become the preferred technique in an increasing number of centers worldwide. However, whether it offers superior clinical outcomes has yet to be determined
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Vitamin D deficiency or resistance and hypophosphatemia Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Vijaya Sarathi, Melkunte Shanthaiah Dhananjaya, Manjiri Karlekar, Anurag Ranjan Lila
Vitamin D is mainly produced in the skin (cholecalciferol) by sun exposure while a fraction of it is obtained from dietary sources (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D is further processed to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (calcitriol) in the liver and kidneys, respectively. Calcitriol is the active form which mediates the actions of vitamin D via vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is present
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Current role of pasireotide in the treatment of acromegaly Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Salman Zahoor Bhat, Roberto Salvatori
“First-generation” somatostatin receptor agonists (SSTRAs) octreotide and lanreotide are the most commonly used first-line pharmacological therapy for patients with acromegaly. A subset of patients respond only partially or not at all to the first-generation SSTRA, necessitating the use of additional pharmacological agents or other modes of therapy. Pasireotide is a “second-generation” SSTRA that has
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Editorial Board Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-18
Abstract not available
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Revisiting hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Tushar Bandgar, Nalini Shah
Abstract not available
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Premenstrual disorders and PMDD - a review Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Emily Cary, Paul Simpson
Defining, diagnosing and managing premenstrual disorders (PMDs) remains a challenge both for general practitioners and specialists. Yet these disorders are common and can have an enormous impact on women. PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder), one severe form of PMD, has a functional impact similar to major depression yet remains under-recognised and poorly treated. The aim of this chapter is to give
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Best practice & research clinical endocrinology & metabolism focusing on the menopause – Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Katie A. Barber
Abstract not available
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Menopause: Physiology, definitions, and symptoms Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Charlotte Gatenby, Paul Simpson
The menopause transition is usually a gradual process occurring over many years, caused by the cessation of ovarian reproductive function, resulting in the end of menstrual bleeding. In the peri-menopause, ovarian function and therefore the production of the hormones oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone can fluctuate greatly, leading to a wide variety of symptoms, affecting multiple organ systems
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Post cancer care in women with an increased risk of malignancy or previous malignancy: The use of hormone replacement therapy and alternative treatments Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Jenifer Sassarini, Mary Ann Lumsden
Abstract not available
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Editorial Board Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-04
Abstract not available
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The pathophysiology of hypophosphatemia Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Nobuaki Ito, Naoko Hidaka, Hajime Kato
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Inherited fibroblast growth factor 23 excess Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Kripa Elizabeth Cherian, Thomas Vizhalil Paul
Syndromes of inherited fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) excess encompass a wide spectrum that includes X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH), autosomal dominant and recessive forms of rickets as well as various syndromic conditions namely fibrous dysplasia/McCune Albright syndrome, osteoglophonic dysplasia, Jansen’s chondrodysplasia and cutaneous skeletal hypophosphataemia syndrome. A careful attention
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Inherited non-FGF23-mediated phosphaturic disorders: A kidney-centric review Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Emma Walker, Wesley Hayes, Detlef Bockenhauer
Phosphate is freely filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed exclusively in the proximal tubule by two key transporters, NaPiIIA and NaPiIIC, encoded by and , respectively. Regulation of these transporters occurs primarily through the hormone FGF23 and, to a lesser degree, PTH. Consequently, inherited non-FGF23 mediated phosphaturic disorders are due to generalised proximal tubular dysfunction, loss-of-function
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Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism focusing on Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults – New Perspectives Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Kevin C.J. Yuen
Abstract not available
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Is there a role for growth hormone replacement in adults to control acute and post-acute COVID-19? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 Navneet Venugopal, Peyton A. Armstrong, Traver J. Wright, Kathleen M. Randolph, Richard D. Batson, Kevin C.J. Yuen, Brent Masel, Melinda Sheffield-Moore, Richard B. Pyles, Randall J. Urban
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic created a multitude of medical crossroads requiring real time adaptations of best practice covering preventative and interventional aspects of care. Among the many discoveries borne from efforts to address the myriad clinical presentations across multiple organ systems was a common impact on tissues with cells that express the ACE-2 receptor. The vast majority of acute infections
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Traumatic brain injury, abnormal growth hormone secretion, and gut dysbiosis Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 Peyton A. Armstrong, Navneet Venugopal, Traver J. Wright, Kathleen M. Randolph, Richard D. Batson, Kevin C.J. Yuen, Brent E. Masel, Melinda Sheffield-Moore, Randall J. Urban, Richard B. Pyles
The gut microbiome has been implicated in a variety of neuropathologies with recent data suggesting direct effects of the microbiome on host metabolism, hormonal regulation, and pathophysiology. Studies have shown that gut bacteria impact host growth, partially mediated through the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis. However, no study to date has examined the specific role
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Acquired disorders of phosphaturia: Beyond tumor-induced osteomalacia Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Sayali B. Thakare, Tukaram E. Jamale, Saba S. Memon
Phosphate is an integral part of human cellular structure and function. Though most recognised disorders of phosphaturia are genetic in origin, phosphate loss due to acquired conditions is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Acquired hypophosphatemia is most commonly due to renal phosphate wasting and can produce significant morbidity. It also heralds future kidney damage, and continued exposure
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Editorial Board Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-02
Abstract not available
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Phosphate: An underrated component of primary hyperparathyroidism Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Jayaditya Ghosh, Rimesh Pal, Soham Mukherjee
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a systemic disease that affects all the systems of the body, specifically the bones and the kidneys. Its main action is on calcium homeostasis. It tries to preserve the body’s calcium level at the cost of phosphate. The criteria for surgery in asymptomatic PHPT patients revolve around raised serum calcium levels, renal dysfunction or nephrolithiasis, and bone health
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Choosing the best systemic treatment sequence for control of tumour growth in gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs): What is the recent evidence? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Maria Passhak, Mairéad G. McNamara, Richard A. Hubner, Irit Ben-Aharon, Juan W. Valle
Gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) represent a rare and highly heterogeneous entity with increasing incidence. Based on the results obtained from several trials performed in the last decade, various therapeutic options have been established for the treatment of patients with GEP-NETs. The options include somatostatin analogues, targeted therapies (sunitinib and everolimus), chemotherapy
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Meta-analysis of mortality in adults with growth hormone deficiency: Does growth hormone replacement therapy really improve mortality rates? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Christa C. van Bunderen, Daniel S. Olsson
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) is one of the most prevalent deficiencies in patients with hypopituitarism and several cohort studies have demonstrated an increased mortality risk in hypopituitary patients with a presumed GHD. The cause of the excess mortality is most likely multifactorial, including the etiology of the hypopituitarism, non-physiological replacement therapies (mostly glucocorticoid)
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Tumor-induced osteomalacia: An overview Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Swati Sachin Jadhav, Ravikumar Shah, Virendra Patil
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is rare paraneoplastic syndrome of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, caused by phosphaturic factors secreted by small mesenchymal origin tumors with distinct pathological features, called ‘phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors’. FGF23 is the most well-characterized of the phosphaturic factors. Tumors are often small and located anywhere in the body from head to toe, which makes
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Appropriate use of morphological imaging for assessing treatment response and disease progression of neuroendocrine tumors Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Maxime Ronot, Marco Dioguardi Burgio, Jules Gregory, Olivia Hentic, Marie-Pierre Vullierme, Philippe Ruszniewski, Magaly Zappa, Louis de Mestier
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are relatively rare neoplasms displaying heterogeneous clinical behavior, ranging from indolent to aggressive forms. Patients diagnosed with NETs usually receive a varied array of treatments, including somatostatin analogs, locoregional treatments (ablation, intra-arterial therapy), cytotoxic chemotherapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and targeted therapies
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Burosumab: Current status and future prospects Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-30 Alpesh Goyal, Nikhil Tandon
Hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia caused by FGF23 excess is conventionally treated with multiple doses of inorganic phosphate salts and active vitamin D analogs. However, conventional therapy targets the consequences of elevated FGF23 and not the elevated FGF23 itself and is associated with poor adherence and long-term complications such as nephrocalcinosis and secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism
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Impact of long-acting growth hormone replacement therapy in adult growth hormone deficiency: Comparison between adolescent, adult, and elderly patients Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Atil Y. Kargi
The predominant features of the adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) syndrome may vary between patients of different age and age of onset of GHD. Evidence from clinical trials and long-term observational studies has informed our ability to understand the unique considerations regarding risks and benefits of daily growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) and specific dosing and monitoring strategies
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Differences between bone health parameters in adults with acromegaly and growth hormone deficiency: A systematic review Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Pamela U. Freda
Preserving bone health is an important goal of care of patients with acromegaly and growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Both disorders are associated with compromised bone health and an increased risk of fracture. However, parameters of bone health that are routinely used to predict fractures in other populations, such as aBMD measured by DXA, are unreliable for this in acromegaly and GHD. Additional
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Premature ovarian insufficiency, early menopause, and induced menopause Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Haitham Hamoda, Angela Sharma
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition in which there is a decline in ovarian function in women who are younger than 40 years resulting in a hypo-oestrogenic state with elevated gonadotrophins and oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea. This leads to short term complications of menopausal symptoms and long-term effects on bone and cardiovascular health, cognition as well as the impact of reduced
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Sexual health and contraception in the menopause journey Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Laura Cucinella, Lara Tiranini, Rossella E. Nappi
Women may experience changes in sexuality across menopause, because at this step in life hormone deficiency interacts with several determinants in a bio-psycho-social perspective. Healthcare providers should inform women about menopause impact on sexuality and be proactive during consultation in disclosing sexual concerns that would require a targeted assessment. Sexual symptoms become more frequent
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Dyslipidaemia and growth hormone deficiency – A comprehensive review Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Matthias Hepprich, Fahim Ebrahimi, Emanuel Christ
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a common complication of several pituitary and hypothalamic disorders and dependent on the onset of disease. It may have severe clinical implications ranging from growth retardation in childhood-onset, to impaired lipid metabolism and increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in adults. GH effectively modulates lipid metabolism at multiple levels and GHD has been
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Unusual and lesser-known rare causes of adult growth hormone deficiency Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Liza Das, Pinaki Dutta
Growth hormone is among the most common hormones to be deficient in pituitary insult. It can occur either in isolation or combined with other hormone deficiencies. Growth hormone deficiency in adults (AGHD) can be due to causes acquired in adulthood or have a childhood-onset etiology, but the former is about three times more common. Usual causes of AGHD include mass effects due to a pituitary tumour
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Non-oestrogen-based and complementary therapies for menopause Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Bassel H. Al Wattar, Vikram Talaulikar
Women are living a significant portion of their adult lives in the post-reproductive phase, and many seek help for debilitating menopausal symptoms. Every individual’s experience of menopausal transition is unique. Adopting a holistic approach to managing the menopause using a combination of lifestyle, hormonal, and non-hormonal interventions is key to maximise the quality of life of affected women
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Mild traumatic brain injury as a cause of adult growth hormone deficiency: Diagnosis and treatment Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Megan Herodes, Aviel Legaspi, Jose M. Garcia
In recent years, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been recognized as a cause of acquired growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) and is likely much more prevalent than previous estimates. There is great overlap between persistent symptoms following mTBI and those of AGHD and it is possible that these persistent symptoms of mTBI are, at least in part, due to or aggravated by AGHD. This article reviews
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Safety of long-term use of daily and long-acting growth hormone in growth hormone-deficient adults on cancer risk Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Cesar Luiz Boguszewski
Daily injections of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) have been used in clinical practice for almost four decades as a replacement therapy in adult patients with GH deficiency (GHD). Long-term adherence to daily injections of rhGH is a clinical concern that may result in reduced therapeutic efficacy, and long-acting GH (LAGH) formulations have been developed in an attempt of overcoming this problem
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Progestogens for endometrial protection in combined menopausal hormone therapy: A systematic review Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Petra Stute, Linus Josef Walker, Astrid Eicher, Elena Pavicic, Argyrios Kolokythas, Susanne Theis, Marc von Gernler, Michael von Wolff, Sabrina Vollrath
Menopausal women with an intact uterus choosing estrogens for menopausal symptom relief require a progestogen for endometrial protection. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the risks of endometrial hyperplasia resp. malignancy with different progestogens used in combined MHT. Overall, 84 RCTs were included. We found that 1) most studies were done with NETA, followed by MPA, MP and DYD
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and adult growth hormone deficiency: An under-recognized association? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Yutaka Takahashi
Growth hormone (GH) plays an essential role not only in promoting growth in children, but also in many important metabolic processes in adults. One of the major metabolic functions of GH is its stimulatory effects on the liver in generating approximately 80% of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an established clinical entity defined as a defect
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Editorial Board Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-29
Abstract not available
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Covid-19 and endocrinology Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Noel P. Somasundaram
Abstract not available
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Developments in interventional management of hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine tumours Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Ashley Kieran Clift, Robert Thomas, Andrea Frilling
Neuroendocrine tumours commonly metastasise to the liver, particularly those arising from the intestinal tract and pancreas. Whilst surgery offers the only approach with intent to cure, the vast majority of patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases are ineligible. Liver-directed interventional therapies seek to exploit the patho-anatomy of the blood supply of hepatic metastases to deliver therapy
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New horizon of radiopharmaceuticals in management of neuroendocrine tumors Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Adeel Haq, Sampanna Rayamajhi, Maria Rosana Ponisio, Vikas Prasad
Neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare and heterogenous group of tumors with varying degrees of clinical presentations and involvement of multiple organ systems in the body. In the modern clinical practice somatostatin receptor molecular imaging and targeted radioligand therapy plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of the disease. Several new and promising radiotracers for NET imaging and theranostics
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Newly detected diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: What have we learnt? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Dhruti Hirani, Victoria Salem, Kamlesh Khunti, Shivani Misra
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had an unprecedented effect on global health, mortality and healthcare provision. Diabetes has emerged as a key disease entity over the pandemic period, influencing outcomes from COVID-19 but also a tantalising hypothesis that the virus itself may be inducing diabetes. An uptick in diabetes cases over the pandemic has been noted for both type 1 diabetes (in children) and
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Precision medicine in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Where are we in 2023? Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Nicola Fazio, Anna La Salvia
Precision medicine describes a target-related approach to tailoring diagnosis and treatment of the individual patient. While this personalized approach is revoluzionizing many areas of oncology, it is quite late in the field of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs), in which there are few molecular alterations to be therapeutically targeted. We critically reviewed the current evidence
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Endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 in children: A scoping review Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Sumudu Nimali Seneviratne, Chamathni Narmada Kumarihamy Karunathilake, Chamathka Madushi Pallegama, Thalompita Gamaralalage Malintha Lahiru, Umesh Jayarajah
In this review, we explore associations between SARS CoV-2 infection and the endocrine system and metabolism in children and adolescents. PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases were searched to identify published data on endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 in children up to 31 March 2023, including diabetes, obesity, puberty, thyroid disorders, adrenal disorders and pituitary disorders. Data
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Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Immunotherapy Updates in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Osama Mosalem, Mohamad Bassam Sonbol, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Jason S. Starr
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies that arise from neuroendocrine cells dispersed throughout the organs/tissues of the body. Treatment of advanced/metastatic disease varies depending on tumor origin and grade. Somatostatin analogs (SSA) have been the mainstay first-line treatment in the advanced/metastatic setting for tumor control and managing hormonal syndromes
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Updates in histopathological classification and tissue biomarkers of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: What the clinician should know Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Anne Couvelard, Aurélie Cazes, Jérôme Cros
Histopathological classifications of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) change regularly and the latest WHO classification published in 2022, which concerns all NEN in the body, attempts to standardize classifications in the different locations. Differentiation and proliferation mainly assessed by Ki-67 index are still the cornerstone of those classifications. However, many markers are now used for diagnostic
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Coronavirus disease 2019 and vitamin D Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Nitin Kapoor, Sanjay Kalra
Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies across different populations. It has primarily been implicated in the development of metabolic bone disease in adults and children. However, in recent years its role in immunomodulation has also emerged and has gained further importance since the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we describe the most recent literature
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Oestrogen-based therapies for menopausal symptoms Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Abbie Laing, Tim Hillard
To summarise the dosing options, regimens, pharmacokinetics, risks and benefits of oestrogen-based therapies for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. A review of the literature was undertaken using multiple databases. Randomised trials, observational studies, meta-analyses and review papers were included. Multiple systemic preparations of oestrogen exist and all appear comparable in terms of efficacy
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Growth hormone replacement in adults with cured acromegaly: Efficacy and safety Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Nicholas A. Tritos
Between 2% and 60% of patients with cured acromegaly may eventually develop growth hormone deficiency. In adults, growth hormone deficiency is associated with abnormal body composition, decreased exercise capacity and quality of life, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk. Similar to patients with other sellar lesions, the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults
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Effective strategies for adequate control of hormonal secretion in functioning neuroendocrine neoplasms Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Johannes Hofland, Wouter W. de Herder
Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a unique form of malignancies as they can be accompanied by specific functioning hormonal syndromes that can impair survival and quality of life in patients. Functioning syndromes are defined by the combination of specific clinical signs and symptoms in combination with inappropriately elevated circulating levels of hormones. Clinicians should remain vigilant for the presence
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Optimal surgical approach for digestive neuroendocrine neoplasia primaries: Oncological benefits versus short and long-term complications Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Kjetil Søreide, Julie Hallet, Nigel B. Jamieson, Stefan Stättner
The rising incidence and the accumulating prevalence of neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) in the population makes this a common, prevalent and a clinically relevant disease group. Surgical resection represents the only potentially curative treatment for digestive NENs. Thus, resection should in principle be considered for all patients with NEN, although taking the patients age, relevant comorbidity, and
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Established and novel circulating neuroendocrine tumor biomarkers for diagnostic, predictive and prognostic use Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Marina Tsoli, Anna Koumarianou, Anna Angelousi, Gregory Kaltsas
The management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represents a clinical challenge due to heterogeneity of their clinical behaviour, molecular biology and response to treatment. Over the years, several circulating biomarkers have been developed for the early diagnosis and follow-up of NETs. The specific secretory products of tumors associated with a secretory syndrome (functioning tumors) may be used as
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Comparing treatment with daily and long-acting growth hormone formulations in adults with growth hormone deficiency: Challenging issues, benefits, and risks Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Charlotte Höybye
Daily administration of growth hormone (GH) treatment has been in clinical use for treatment for GH deficiency (GHD) in adults for more than 30 years. Numerous studies have demonstrated evidence that GH treatment improves body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life with few side effects. Less frequent GH injections are hypothesized to improve adherence and several long-acting
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Management of non-hepatic distant metastases in neuroendocrine neoplasms Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (IF 7.4) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 C. Lacalle-González, A. Estrella Santos, L.C. Landaeta Kancev, V.M. Castellano, E. Macia Palafox, A. Paniagua Ruíz, J. Luna Tirado, B. Martínez-Amores, L. Martínez Dhier, A. Lamarca
Neuroendocrine neoplasms represent an uncommon disease with an increasing incidence. Thanks to improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, metastases previously considered uncommon, such as bone metastases, or even very rare, such as brain, orbital and cardiac metastases, are more frequently found in daily practice. Due to the great heterogeneity of these neoplasms, there is a lack of high-quality