编译|冯维维
Nature, 15 July 2021, VOL 595, Issue 7867
《自然》2021年7月15日,第595卷,7867期
天体和量子物理
Astro- & Quantum Physics
The 13CO-rich atmosphere of a young accreting super-Jupiter
年轻木星具有富含13CO的大气层
▲ 作者:Yapeng Zhang, Ignas A. G. Snellen, Alexander J. Bohn, Paul Mollière, Christian Ginski, H. Jens Hoeijmakers, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek, Tiffany Meshkat, Maddalena Reggiani & Frans Snik
▲ 链接:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03616-x
▲ 摘要
▲ Abstract
Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction
迈向纠错量子计算机
▲ 作者:Google Quantum AI
▲ 链接:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03588-y
▲ 摘要
量子计算机和经典计算机一样,很容易出现由底层物理系统“噪声”引起的错误。一种解决办法是在计算机操作中加入一种能在错误出现时发现并纠正这些错误的方法。一种量子纠错方法使用量子纠错码,通过将多个量子比特(量子信息的单位,对应经典计算机的比特)当作一个逻辑量子比特,从而在不破坏逻辑量子比特中存储信息的情况下,发现并纠正错误。为了实现量子计算的潜力,逻辑错误率必须保持在很低的水平。
▲ Abstract
Real-time optimal quantum control of mechanical motion at room temperature
室温下机械运动的实时最优量子控制
▲ 作者:Lorenzo Magrini, Philipp Rosenzweig, Constanze Bach, Andreas Deutschmann-Olek, Sebastian G. Hofer, Sungkun Hong, Nikolai Kiesel, Andreas Kugi & Markus Aspelmeyer
▲ 链接:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03602-3
▲ 摘要
▲ Abstract
The ability to accurately control the dynamics of physical systems by measurement and feedback is a pillar of modern engineering. Today, the increasing demand for applied quantum technologies requires adaptation of this level of control to individual quantum systems. Achieving this in an optimal way is a challenging task that relies on both quantum-limited measurements and specifically tailored algorithms for state estimation and feedback. Successful implementations thus far include experiments on the level of optical and atomic systems. Here we demonstrate real-time optimal control of the quantum trajectory8 of an optically trapped nanoparticle. We combine confocal position sensing close to the Heisenberg limit with optimal state estimation via Kalman filtering to track the particle motion in phase space in real time with a position uncertainty of 1.3 times the zero-point fluctuation. Optimal feedback allows us to stabilize the quantum harmonic oscillator to a mean occupation of 0.56 ± 0.02 quanta, realizing quantum ground-state cooling from room temperature. Our work establishes quantum Kalman filtering as a method to achieve quantum control of mechanical motion, with potential implications for sensing on all scales. In combination with levitation, this paves the way to full-scale control over the wavepacket dynamics of solid-state macroscopic quantum objects in linear and nonlinear systems.
Quantum control of a nanoparticle optically levitated in cryogenic free space
低温自由空间光学悬浮纳米粒子的量子控制
▲ 作者:Felix Tebbenjohanns, M. Luisa Mattana, Massimiliano Rossi, Martin Frimmer & Lukas Novotny
▲ 链接:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03617-w
▲ 摘要
▲ Abstract
生态与气候
Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change
亚马孙流域碳平衡面临威胁
▲ 作者:Luciana V. Gatti, Luana S. Basso, John B. Miller, Manuel Gloor, Lucas Gatti Domingues, Henrique L. G. Cassol, Graciela Tejada, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Carlos Nobre, Wouter Peters, Luciano Marani, Egidio Arai, Alber H. Sanches, Sergio M. Corrêa, Liana Anderson, Celso Von Randow, Caio S. C. Correia, Stephane P. Crispim & Raiane A. L. Neves
▲ 链接:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03629-6
▲ 摘要
▲ Abstract
A lithium-isotope perspective on the evolution of carbon and silicon cycles
锂同位素对碳和硅循环演化的展望
▲ 作者:Boriana Kalderon-Asael, Joachim A. R. Katchinoff, Noah J. Planavsky, Ashleigh v. S. Hood, Mathieu Dellinger, Eric J. Bellefroid, David S. Jones, Axel Hofmann, Frantz Ossa Ossa, Francis A. Macdonald, Chunjiang Wang, Terry T. Isson, Jack G. Murphy, John A. Higgins, A. Joshua West, Malcolm W. Wallace, Dan Asael & Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann
▲ 链接:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03612-1
▲ 摘要
▲ Abstract
古生物学
Paleontology
Pleistocene sediment DNA reveals hominin and faunal turnovers at Denisova Cave
沉积物DNA揭示丹尼索瓦洞穴人类和动物群更替
▲ 作者:Elena I. Zavala, Zenobia Jacobs, Benjamin Vernot, Michael V. Shunkov, Maxim B. Kozlikin, Anatoly P. Derevianko, Elena Essel, Cesare de Fillipo, Sarah Nagel, Julia Richter, Frédéric Romagné, Anna Schmidt, Bo Li, Kieran O’Gorman, Viviane Slon, Janet Kelso, Svante Pääbo, Richard G. Roberts & Matthias Meyer
▲ 链接:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03675-0
▲ 摘要
▲ Abstract
编辑|宗华
排版|华园
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