梅利莎·戴尔(Melissa Dell)
近日,2020年的约翰·贝茨·克拉克奖(John Bates Clark Medal)授予哈佛大学经济系年轻的正教授梅利莎·戴尔(Melissa Dell),以表彰她在历史经济学、政治经济学等方面的杰出贡献。
图片源自AEA克拉克奖官网截图
AEA克拉克奖官方发布的通告称,“通过细致及具有开创性地数据收集和经验研究,增进了我们对国家和其他机构在普通人的日常生活和经济成果中所扮演的角色的理解。通过这样做,她还为整个政治经济和发展领域赋予了新的活力和方向”(Through her pioneering careful and creative data collection and empirical work, Melissa Dell has advanced our understanding of the role state and other institutions play in the daily lives of and economic outcomes of ordinary people. In doing so she has also given a new energy and direction to the entire field of political economy and development)。
从2005年开始,梅利莎·戴尔先后在哈佛大学、牛津大学和麻省理工学院先后获得了学士、硕士和博士学位。2014年,她重回母校——哈佛大学。
图片源自哈佛大学官网梅利莎·戴尔CV
在官方通稿中,提到了梅利莎·戴尔的三篇学术论文如下:
“Persistent Effects of Peru’s Mining Mita” (Econometrica2011)
Abstract: This study utilizes regression discontinuity to examine the long‐run impacts of the mita, an extensive forced mining labor system in effect in Peru and Bolivia between 1573 and 1812. Results indicate that a mita effect lowers household consumption by around 25% and increases the prevalence of stunted growth in children by around 6 percentage points in subjected districts today. Using data from the Spanish Empire and Peruvian Republic to trace channels of institutional persistence, I show that the mita's influence has persisted through its impacts on land tenure and public goods provision. Mita districts historically had fewer large landowners and lower educational attainment. Today, they are less integrated into road networks and their residents are substantially more likely to be subsistence farmers.
Trafficking Networks and the Mexican Drug War” (American Economic Review, 2015)
Abstract: Drug trade-related violence has escalated dramatically in Mexico since 2007, and recent years have also witnessed large-scale efforts to combat trafficking, spearheaded by Mexico's conservative PAN party. This study examines the direct and spillover effects of Mexican policy toward the drug trade. Regression discontinuity estimates show that drug-related violence increases substantially after close elections of PAN mayors. Empirical evidence suggests that the violence reflects rival traffickers' attempts to usurp territories after crackdowns have weakened incumbent criminals. Moreover, the study uses a network model of trafficking routes to show that PAN victories divert drug traffic, increasing violence along alternative drug routes.
Nation Building through Foreign Intervention: Evidence from Discontinuities in Military Strategy” (joint with Pablo Querubin, QJE, 2018)
Abstract: This study uses discontinuities in U.S. strategies employed during the Vietnam War to estimate their causal impacts. It identifies the effects of bombing by exploiting rounding thresholds in an algorithm used to target air strikes. Bombing increased the military and political activities of the communist insurgency, weakened local governance, and reduced noncommunist civic engagement. The study also exploits a spatial discontinuity across neighboring military regions that pursued different counterinsurgency strategies. A strategy emphasizing overwhelming firepower plausibly increased insurgent attacks and worsened attitudes toward the U.S. and South Vietnamese government, relative to a more hearts-and-minds-oriented approach.
相关阅读
约翰·贝茨·克拉克奖(John Bates Clark Medal)是美国经济学会所颁发的奖项,俗称“小诺贝尔经济奖”。入选的条件为“四十岁以下的美国经济学者,并在经济学思想与知识上提供了卓越的贡献”。这个奖项是以美国新古典主义经济学家约翰·贝茨·克拉克来命名,设立于此人百年诞辰的1947年,每两年颁发一次(1953年没有颁奖)。自2010年起,改为一年一次。
这个奖项被认为是除了诺贝尔经济奖之外,经济学领域最重要的奖项。从1969年开始在斯德哥尔摩颁发诺贝尔经济奖,有四成的约翰·贝茨·克拉克奖获奖者在平均22年之后都会赢得诺贝尔经济奖。
维基百科的统计显示,截止去年,共有19名获得克拉克奖的学者后来获得了诺贝尔经济学奖。
克拉克奖获奖者名单
(表格综合整理自克拉克奖官网及维基百科)
从获奖者的母校来看,目前哈佛大学居榜首,共获得12次。
母校是哈佛大学的克拉克奖获奖者名单
(表格综合整理自克拉克奖官网及维基百科)
紧随其后的是麻省理工学院,共8次。
母校是麻省理工学院的克拉克奖获奖者名单
(表格综合整理自克拉克奖官网及维基百科)
编译:许甲坤;综合整理自AEA、Econometrica、QJE、哈佛大学官网,以及维基百科等,部分内容参考“一刹春浓”微信公众号。
【图文来源】微信公众号 中国经济学教育科研网
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