近期,武汉大学的艾新平课题组与华中农业大学的曹菲菲课题组合作,利用真菌对生物质的降解作用,制备出具有超高比表面积的菌渣衍生碳(CFS)材料,并通过将其与硫复合构建了硫/菌渣衍生碳(S/CFS)复合材料。得益于CFS材料超大的比表面积(3295 m2 g-1)和高的孔容(2.11 cm3 g-1),S/CFS复合材料在硫含量高达80 wt.%的条件下仍可实现稳定的固相转换,表现出优异的电化学性能。在VC-醚共溶剂电解液中,S/CFS复合材料可释放出1557 mA h g-1的可逆比容量;循环500周后,仍保留有初始容量的82%。研究结果为构建高硫载量、高电化学活性的固相转换硫电极提供了新的技术思路。
图文导读
Figure 1 Schematic illustration of (a) the preparation process of CFS and S/CFS composite and (b) the reaction mechanism of the S/CFS cathode in the VC-ether co-solvent electrolyte.
Figure 2 (a) the SEM image, (b) the TEM image, (c) the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm curves and (d) the pore size distribution of CFS material; The elemental mappings of (e) carbon and (f) sulfur in the S/CFScomposite; (g) the XRD patterns and (h) the Raman spectrum of S, CFS and S/CFS composite. 扫描电镜、透射电镜、Mapping、氮气吸脱附,X射线衍射和拉曼表征结果证实CFS具有超大的比表面积和特殊的三维多孔结构;S与CFS实现了均匀的复合。
Figure 3 (a) CV curves and (b) charge/discharge profiles of S/CFS cathode in the VC-ether co-solvent electrolyte; (c) optical photograph of the separator and the cycled S/CFS cathode in VC-containing electrolyte; (d) color change of discharged S/CFS cathode in DME solvent; (e) TEM image of the cycled S/CFS cathode in VC-containing electrolyte; (f) Nyquist plots and equivalent circuit model (insert) of the S/CFS cathode in the second cycle.
Figure 4 the XPS spectra of the S/CFS cathode after discharge in the VC-ether co-solvent electrolyte: (a) the Survey spectrum, (b) C 1s, (c) O 1s and (d) Li 1s spectrum. 电化学测试结果表明,复合硫电极在VC-醚共溶剂电解液中以固相转化方式进行电化学反应,没有多硫化锂的产生与溶出。XPS表征结果显示SEI膜主要由聚碳酸酯、碳酸锂、烷基碳酸锂和烷基氧锂组成,具有锂离子传导性。
Figure 5 The electrochemical performance of the S/CFS cathode: (a) the charge/discharge profiles at the current density of 100 mA g-1; (b) the rate performance at various current density; (c) the cycling performance at the current density of 500 mA g-1. The specific capacity and current density are all calculated based on the weight of sulfur.
Figure 6 (a) the charge/discharge curves and (b) the cycling performance of S/CFS cathode at sulfur loading of 4 mg cm-2 and the optical images of the separator and lithium foil after cycling (insert); (c) the charge/discharge curves and (d) the reversible capacity of S/CFS cathode at different electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratios. 复合电极在100 mA g-1的电流密度下可释放出1557 mA h g-1的可逆比容量;在2 A g-1的电流密度下可释放出818 mA h g-1的比容量;在500 mA g-1的电流密度下循环500周后容量保持率为82 %。此外,复合电极在高载量(4 mg cm-2)的条件下可释放出1381 mA h g-1的可逆比容量;在高载量(4 mg cm-2)与低E/S比(5)的极端条件下仍可释放出858 mA h g-1的可逆比容量。
Li H, Wu X, Jiang S, et al. A high-loading and cycle-stable solid-phase conversion sulfur cathode using edible fungus slag-derived microporous carbon as sulfur host. Nano Research, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5156-y.