Emissions from abused lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) comprise various combustible gases, organic solvent vapors, and micron-sized particles, which pose significant fire and explosion hazards that hinder the large-scale deployment of LIBs in sustainable energy systems. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the explosion risks associated with these emissions, beginning with the emission mechanisms at the active material level and extending to the composition, explosion characteristics, and suppression strategies at the full-cell scale. To address the challenges arising from the diverse physical states and chemical complexities of these emissions, this work also reviews current methodologies for evaluating the explosibility of flammable gases and particulate matter in LIB emissions. On this basis, an advanced analytical framework—integrating experimental, theoretical, and numerical approaches—is proposed to bridge knowledge gaps across multiple disciplines. Furthermore, current methodological limitations are critically examined, and promising directions for future research are identified highlighted, particularly the emerging applications of artificial intelligence. The insights provided herein account for the diversity of battery chemistries and application scenarios, offering scientific guidance for hazard assessment and the development of targeted safety strategies for LIB emissions.