Electrochemical conversion: organic field-effect transistor materials (OFETs), organic photovoltaic materials & perovskite materials (OPVs & Perovskites), organic thermoelectric materials (OTEs), and organic electrochemical transistor materials (OECTs). Electrochemical storage: organic materials used as electrodes for aluminum-ion energy storage batteries, aqueous aluminum-ion batteries, and solid-state aluminum-ion batteries.