Biotechnology Letters is the world’s leading rapid-publication primary journal dedicated to biotechnology as a whole – that is to topics relating to actual or potential applications of biological reactions affected by microbial, plant or animal cells and biocatalysts derived from them.
All relevant aspects of molecular biology, genetics and cell biochemistry, of process and reactor design, of pre- and post-treatment steps, and of manufacturing or service operations are therefore included.
Contributions from industrial and academic laboratories are equally welcome. We also welcome contributions covering biotechnological aspects of regenerative medicine and biomaterials and also cancer biotechnology. Criteria for the acceptance of papers relate to our aim of publishing useful and informative results that will be of value to other workers in related fields.
The emphasis is very much on novelty and immediacy in order to justify rapid publication of authors’ results. It should be noted, however, that we do not normally publish papers (but this is not absolute) that deal with unidentified consortia of microorganisms (e.g. as in activated sludge) as these results may not be easily reproducible in other laboratories.
Papers describing the isolation and identification of microorganisms are not regarded as appropriate but such information can be appended as supporting information to a paper. Papers dealing with simple process development are usually considered to lack sufficient novelty or interest to warrant publication.
The normal limit of papers is that they should occupy no more than 6 printed pages in the Journal.
Short mini-reviews on topics of high current interest are also published in the Journal. These should fit the general format and style of the Journal and normally be no longer than 8 printed pages. Authors intending to submit such a review should contact the Senior Reviews Editor beforehand to ensure its suitability for inclusion. Reviews will be peer-reviewed in the normal manner.

EXECUTIVE EDITORS
Karen Coopman (Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies)
Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
Email : k.coopman@lboro.ac.uk
Kristiina Hilden (Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering)
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Email : kristiina.s.hilden@helsinki.fi
Roger Marchant (Biofuels and Environmental Biotechnology) 
Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
Email: r.marchant@ulster.ac.uk
C. Mark Smales (Animal Cell Technology) 
University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
Email: c.m.smales@kent.ac.uk
Rob Verpoorte (Plant Cell Technology)
Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands 
Email: lbiotech@chem.leidenuniv.nl 

Vesna Zechner-Krpan (Microbial and Enzyme Technology)
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Email: vzkrpan@pbf.hr

REVIEWS EDITORS
Niall Barron
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Email: niall.barron@ucd.ie 

Peter Martin
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Email: p.martin@manchester.ac.uk
Qasim A. Rafiq
University College London, London, UK
Email: q.rafiq@ucl.ac.uk
Jacqueline Shanks
Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
Email: jshanks@iastate.edu
EDITORIAL BOARD
D. Ackerley, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
M. Alcocer, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
T. Altabella, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
H. Aoyagi, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki Ken, Japan
P. Archibald, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
J.A. Asenjo, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
S. Baker, Bioline Reagents Ltd, London, UK
K.D. Bhalerao, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
C. Biggs, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
R.M. Bill, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
N.R. Boyle, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
D.B. Brady, Athlone Institute of Technology, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
X. Cai, Conagen Inc, St Louis, MO, USA
M.J.T. Carrondo, IBET, Oeiras, Portugal
R. Carter, Oxford BioMedica plc, Oxford, UK
D. Charalampopoulos, The University of Reading, UK
S.F. Chen, Peking University, China
C. Clarke, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
A.S. Coroadinha, iBET, Oeiras, Portugal
D.A. Cowan, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
J.M. Cregg, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA
D.B. Das, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
A. J. Daugulis, Queen’s University, Kingston Ontario, Canada
J.R. Deslippe, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
T. Desmet, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
M.A. Diaz De Rienzo, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
M.M. Diogo, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal
J.B. Dunn, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, USA
M.J. Ellis, University of Bath, Claverton Down Bath, UK
N.T. Eriksen, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
I. Fisk, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
A. Franzetti, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
S. Ge, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
P. Gemeiner, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
M. Georgiev, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
M.I. Gerth, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
M.S. Ghatge, VCU School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA
T. Granström, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
J. Green, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
L.M. Grover, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
R. Haldankar, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, San Francisco, USA
P. Hanga, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
R. Harrison, CATAPULT, Cell and Gene Therapy, London, UK
R. Hausmann, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany 
A. Hochkoeppler, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
D.J. Hook, San Diego, CA, USA
M. Jenzsch, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
M.C. Jewett, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
L. Jiang, Salubris Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
S.Y. Jiang, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
T.W. Johannes, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
G. Johansson, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
C. Kaisermann, Benchmark Vaccines Ltd., Braintree, Essex, UK
Z. Kang, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
J. Kavanagh, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
M. Keane-Moore, The Biologics Consulting Group, Inc. Longmeadow, MA, USA
D.H. Keating, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
P. Khandelwal, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, West Chester, PA, USA
I. Khozin-Goldberg, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
M. Kino-oka, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
T. Kobayashi, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
J.A. Kreps, Clara Foods, San Francisco, CA, USA
T. Kubo, Nat. Inst. of Advanced Indust. Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
T.D. Leathers, Peoria, IL, USA
G. M. Lee, KAIST, Daejon, Korea
D.W.M. Leung, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Y. Li, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
J.C. Lippmeier, Conagen Inc., Bedford, MA, USA
Y. Liu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Q. Lu, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
T. Lu, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Y. Lv, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
G.J. Lye, University College London, London, UK
Z. Ma, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
M. Mäkelä, University of Helsinki, Finland
J. Mansfeld, Martin-Luther University, Halle, Germany
L. Martínková, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Cezch Republic
B. Mattiasson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
P.S. McFetridge, University of Florida, USA
A.P. McHale, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
P. Meleady, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
T.S. Mor, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
J.A. Morgan, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
R. Morgenstern, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
D. Mossialos, University of Thessaly. Larissa, Greece
C. Murphy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
M.W. Naing, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technogy, Agency for Science, Singapore
G.R. Nair, Alappuzha, India
M. Navratil, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
P. Neubauer, TU Berlin, Germany
J.M. Nicaud, INRA, MICALIS Institut, Jouy-en-Josas, France
D.-K. Oh, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
T. Ohshima, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
T.W. Overton, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
J.G. Owen, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
L. A. Palomares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, Mexico
N. Parajuli, Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
E.Y. Park, Shizuoka University, Japan
H.-W. Park, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA
C. Pearce, Kymab Ltd., Cambridge, UK
S. Picataggio, DE, USA
B.I. Pletschke, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
I. Polikarpov, University of São Paulo, Brazil
T. Proft, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Y. Qi, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
O. Rackham, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
K.F. Reardon, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
B.H.A. Rehm, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
J.A. Renye, USDA-ARS-NAA-ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
B.C. Saha, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, USA
K. Saito, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
A. Schallmey, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
J. Schrader, DECHEMA Research Institute , Frankfurt, Germany
B. Seiboth, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
C. Sellick, Kymab Ltd., Cambridge, UK
L. Shao, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
A.J. Sinskey, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
A. Skorokhodova, Res. Inst. for Genetics & Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia
A. Slavica, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
D. Smith, Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions, LLC, Allendale, NJ, USA
K. Sode, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
B.C.G. Söderberg, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
D.K.Y. Solaiman, USDA-ARS-ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
H. Spratt, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA
G. Sriram, University of Maryland, MD, USA
S.M. Stocks, LEO Pharma A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
J.A. Teixeira, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
K. Theodoropoulos, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
E. Theodosiou, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
S.A. Tuero, Evolva Group, Reinach, Switzerland
B. Van Aken, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
I. Van Bogaert, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
E.J. Vandamme, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
T. Varzakas, Technological Education Institute of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
A.I. Vasala, University of Jyväskylä JYU, Jyväskylä, Finland
J. Venus, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
T.G. Villa, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
A. Vlyssides, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
I. Wall, Aston Univesity, Birmingham, UK
C. Wang, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR
W. Kong, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
T.P. West, Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, USA
J.W. Whittaker, Beaverton, OR, US
R. Willaert, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
J. Woodgate, GE Healthcare, Bournemouth, UK
F. Wurm, EPFL SV-IGB-LBTC, Lausanne, Switzerland
J. Wynn, MBI International, Lansing, MI, USA
X.-W. Xu, Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, China
K. Yamamoto, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
H.Ye, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
L. Zhang, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
F. Zhuang, ViewSolid Biotech, Inc., Oklahoma City, OK, USA