Abstract
All-electrical and programmable manipulations of ferromagnetic bits are highly pursued for the aim of high integration and low energy consumption in modern information technology1,2,3. Methods based on the spin–orbit torque switching4,5,6 in heavy metal/ferromagnet structures have been proposed with magnetic field7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, and are heading toward deterministic switching without external magnetic field16,17. Here we demonstrate that an in-plane effective magnetic field can be induced by an electric field without breaking the symmetry of the structure of the thin film, and realize the deterministic magnetization switching in a hybrid ferromagnetic/ferroelectric structure with Pt/Co/Ni/Co/Pt layers on PMN-PT substrate. The effective magnetic field can be reversed by changing the direction of the applied electric field on the PMN-PT substrate, which fully replaces the controllability function of the external magnetic field. The electric field is found to generate an additional spin–orbit torque on the CoNiCo magnets, which is confirmed by macrospin calculations and micromagnetic simulations.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by NSFC Grant No. 61225021 and 11474272, ‘973 Program’ No. 2014CB643903. We also acknowledge the support from K. C. Wong Education Foundation.
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K.W. and M.Y. conceived and designed the experiments. H.J., S.L. and B.L. provided the thin magnetic films. K.C. and M.Y. fabricated and measured the devices. K.W., M.Y., K.C. and S.W. performed the theoretical analysis and modelling. B.Z., Y.S., and N.Z. assisted in measurement and processed the data. K.W.E., Y.J. and H.Z. discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. K.C., M.Y. and K.W. wrote the manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript.
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Cai, K., Yang, M., Ju, H. et al. Electric field control of deterministic current-induced magnetization switching in a hybrid ferromagnetic/ferroelectric structure. Nature Mater 16, 712–716 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4886
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4886
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