Abstract
In response to increased avoidance of traditional banner advertising, publishers have turned to a subtler form of display advertising called native advertising. Unlike traditional banner ads, native ads are intentionally designed to be cohesive with editorial content and assimilated into the design of the publisher’s website. We examine the performance of native advertising placements across three studies. In Study 1, we use a large dataset from a native advertising platform to examine the interplay of ad placement and ad content. We find that clicks are higher when ads are (1) delivered in-feed and (2) contain lower levels of selling intent, highlighting the interplay between the ad content and delivery. Study 2 confirms that in-feed placements experience higher clicks, but they also result in more bounces relative to in-ad placements. As a result, their effect on net visits is similar to in-ad placements at a higher cost. To further understand this phenomenon, we conducted a lab study (Study 3), which shows that when consumers are redirected to an advertiser’s site from an in-feed (versus in-ad) placement they experience higher annoyance and, ultimately, higher bounce intentions and reduced advertiser purchase intentions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The datasets for this research are not publicly available due to confidentiality agreements. However, data are available from the first author upon reasonable request.
Notes
Given that the coders were required to code all twelve advertisements across a variety of scales, we believe that fatigue played a major role in coders not passing quality checks.
In addition to this assessment, we also re-estimated the models using continuous scores from the graduate assistant coding process and the results were also consistent. Consequently, the choice of coders did not influence our results.
A pre-test (N = 100) demonstrated that consumers perceived no significant difference in perceived selling intent between the US News Landing Page and the Wayfair landing page (MUSNEWS = 5.17; MWAYFAIR = 5.46, p = 0.46), which provides support that any differences in bounce is not likely due to differences in selling intent.
References
Aribarg, A., & Schwartz, E. M. (2020). Native Advertising in Online News: Trade-Offs Among Clicks, Brand Recognition, and Website Trustworthiness. Journal of Marketing Research, 57(1), 20–34.
Boerman, S. C., Willemsen, L. M., & Van Der Aa, E. P. (2017). This Post Is Sponsored’: Effects of Sponsorship Disclosure on Persuasion Knowledge and Electronic Word of Mouth in the Context of Facebook. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 38, 82–92.
Campbell, M. C. (1995). When attention-getting advertising tactics elicit consumer inferences of manipulative intent: The importance of balancing benefits and investments. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(3), 225–254.
Chandy, R. K., Tellis, G. J., MacInnis, D. J., & Thaivanich, P. (2001). What to say when: Advertising appeals in evolving markets. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(4), 399–414.
Chatterjee, P. (2008). Are Unclicked Ads Wasted? Enduring Effects of Banner and Pop-Up Ad Exposures On Brand Memory And Attitudes. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 9(1), 51–61.
Cho, C.-H., & Cheon, H. J. (2004). Why Do People Avoid Advertising On The Internet? Journal of Advertising, 33(4), 89–97.
Danaher, P. J. (2007). Modeling page views across multiple websites with an application to internet reach and frequency prediction. Marketing Science, 26(3), 422–437.
Drèze, X., & Hussherr, F.-X. (2003). Internet advertising: Is anybody watching? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(4), 8–23.
Edwards, S. M., Li, H., & Lee, J.-H. (2002). Forced exposure and psychological reactance: Antecedents and consequences of the perceived intrusiveness of pop-up ads. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 83–95.
eMarketer (2022), “Native advertising industry 2022.” eMarketer, (accessed August 4, 2022), https://www.insiderintelligence.com/insights/native-ad-spending/?.
Federal Trade Commission (2015). Native Advertising: A Guide for Businesses,” Supplement to Enforcement Policy Statement on Deceptively Formatted Advertisements,” (accessed September 24, 2023), https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/native-advertising-guide-businesses.
Ghose, A., Han, S., & Park, S. (2013). An Empirical Analysis of Digital Advertising. Working paper.
Google Display Network (2023), Determine a bid strategy based on your goals. Google, (accessed January 10, 2023), https://support.google.com/google-ads/answer/2472725?hl=en.
Google (2023), Bounce rate – Analytics help. Google, (accessed September 28, 2023), https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1009409?hl=en.
Goyal, N., Bron, M., Lalmas, M., Haines, A., & Cramer, H. (2018). Designing for mobile experience beyond the native ad click: Exploring landing page presentation style and media usage. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 69(7), 913–923.
Harms, B., Bijmolt, T. H., & Hoekstra, J. C. (2017). Digital Native Advertising: Practitioner Perspectives and a Research Agenda. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 17(2), 80–91.
Hayes, J. L., Golan, G., Britt, B., & Applequist, J. (2020). How advertising relevance and consumer–Brand relationship strength limit disclosure effects of native ads on Twitter. International Journal of Advertising, 39(1), 131–165.
Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
Hu, X., & Wise, K. (2021). How playable ads influence consumer attitude: Exploring the mediation effects of perceived control and freedom threat. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 15(2), 295–315.
Hu, Y., Shin, J., & Tang, Z. (2016). Incentive Problems in Performance-Based Online Advertising Pricing: Cost per Click vs. Cost per Action. Management Science, 62(7), 2022–2038. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2223
IAB (2013), The native advertising playbook: Six native ad categories, six marketplace considerations, and IAB recommended disclosure principles., IAB, (accessed January 25, 2019), http://www.iab.com/guidelines/native-advertising/.
Kim, J., Choi, D., & Kim, H. (2019). Advertising nativeness as a function of content and design congruence. International Journal of Advertising, 38(6), 845–866. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2018.1535224
Kim, M., Song, D., & Jang, A. (2021). Consumer response toward native advertising on social media: The roles of source type and content type. Internet Research, 31(5), 1656–1676.
Kim, S., Youn, S., & Yoon, D. (2019). Consumers’ responses to native vs. banner advertising: Moderation of persuasion knowledge on interaction effects of ad type and placement type. International Journal of Advertising, 38(2), 207–236.
Kireyev, P., Pauwels, K., & Gupta, S. (2016). Do display ads influence search? Attribution and dynamics in online advertising. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33(3), 475–490.
Kronrod, A., & Huber, J. (2019). Ad wearout wearout: How time can reverse the negative effect of frequent advertising repetition on brand preference. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 36(2), 306–324.
Li, C., & Meeds R. (2007). Factors affecting information processing of internet advertisements: a test on exposure condition, psychological reactance, and advertising frequency. In American Academy of Advertising Conference. Proceedings (Online), American Academy of Advertising, 93.
Oppenheimer, D. M., Meyvis, T., & Davidenko, N. (2009). Instructional manipulation checks: Detecting satisficing to increase statistical power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 867–872.
Rutz, O. J., & Watson, G. F. (2019). Endogeneity and marketing strategy research: An overview. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 47, 479–498.
Saenger, C., & Song, D. (2019). Fostering beneficial consumer responses to in-feed sponsored articles. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 36(5), 643–654.
Sahni, N. S., & Nair, H. S. (2020). Sponsorship disclosure and consumer deception: Experimental evidence from native advertising in mobile search. Marketing Science, 39(1), 5–32.
Sharethrough (2013), A Neuroscience Perspective (accessed March 1, 2020), https://www.sharethrough.com/neuroscience/.
Statista (2022), Native Digital Display Ad Spend in the US 2016–2020. Statista Research Department, (accessed August 10, 2022), https://www.statista.com/statistics/369886/native-ad-spend.
Stephen, A. T., Sciandra, M. R., & Inman, J. J. (2015). The effects of content characteristics on consumer engagement with branded social media content on Facebook. Marketing Science Institute Working Paper Series, 15(110), 1–51.
Tutaj, K., & Van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2012). Effects of online advertising format and persuasion knowledge on audience reactions. Journal of Marketing Communications, 18(1), 5–18.
Umashankar, N., Ward, M. K., & Dahl, D. W. (2017). The benefit of becoming friends: Complaining after service failures leads customers with strong ties to increase loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 81(6), 79–98.
Wang, P., Xiong, G., & Yang, J. (2019). Serial Position Effects on Native Advertising Effectiveness: Differential Results Across Publisher and Advertiser Metrics. Journal of Marketing, 83(2), 82–97.
Wojdynski, B. W. (2016). The Deceptiveness of Sponsored News Articles. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(12), 1475–1491.
Wojdynski, B. W., & Evans, N. J. (2016). Going Native: Effects of Disclosure Position and Language on the Recognition and Evaluation of Online Native Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 45(2), 157–168.
Wordstream (2022), Google Ads Benchmarks for YOUR Industry [Updated!]” Wordstream, (accessed February 12, 2023), https://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2016/02/29/google-adwords-industry-benchmarks.
Xie, T., Donthu, N., Lohtia, R., & Osmonbekov, T. (2004). Emotional appeal and incentive offering in banner advertisements. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 4(2), 30–37.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Raji Srinivasan served as Area Editor for this article.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
LaBrecque, A.C., Voorhees, C.M., Khodakarami, F. et al. Native advertising effectiveness: The role of congruence and consumer annoyance on clicks, bounces, and visits. J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-024-01014-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-024-01014-z