* Corresponding authors

^a Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

^b Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
E-mail: panhh@zju.edu.cn

^c Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, WA, USA
E-mail: James.DeYoreo@pnnl.gov

^d Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Republic of Korea

^e Centre for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
E-mail: rtang@zju.edu.cn

^f Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, FL, USA