Spontaneous scalarization

Daniela D. Doneva, Fethi M. Ramazanoğlu, Hector O. Silva, Thomas P. Sotiriou, and Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev

Rev. Mod. Phys. 96, 015004 – Published 7 March 2024

Abstract

Scalarization is a mechanism that endows strongly self-gravitating bodies, such as neutron stars and black holes, with a scalar-field configuration. It resembles a phase transition in that the scalar configuration appears only when a certain quantity that characterizes the compact object, for example, its compactness or spin, is beyond a threshold. A critical and comprehensive review of scalarization, including the mechanism itself, theories that exhibit it, its manifestation in neutron stars, black holes and their binaries, potential extension to other fields, and a thorough discussion of future perspectives, is provided.

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Received 2 November 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.96.015004

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Alternative gravity theories Classical black holes General relativity Gravitation Gravitational waves

Astronomical black holes Neutron stars & pulsars Stars

Gravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics

Authors & Affiliations

Daniela D. Doneva ^*

Theoretical Astrophysics, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany and INRNE—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria

Fethi M. Ramazanoğlu ^†

Department of Physics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey

Hector O. Silva ^‡

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany

Thomas P. Sotiriou ^§

Nottingham Centre of Gravity and School of Mathematical Sciences and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom

Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev ^∥

Theoretical Astrophysics, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, and Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Academy Georgi Bonchev Street 8, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria

^*daniela.doneva@uni-tuebingen.de
^†framazanoglu@ku.edu.tr
^‡hector.silva@aei.mpg.de
^§Thomas.Sotiriou@nottingham.ac.uk
^∥yazad@phys.uni-sofia.bg

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Vol. 96, Iss. 1 — January - March 2024

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