In this study, we developed an adenoviral-vectored vaccine that targets the spike protein of BA.5 Omicron SARS-CoV-2. When nasally delivered in mice and hamsters, the vaccine stimulated mucosal antibody production and CD8+ T cell responses, and demonstrated protection against several SARS-CoV-2 strains, including the antigenically distant Omicron XBB.1.5 strain. Immune cell depletion studies showed that cross-reactive memory CD8+ T cells contribute to the cross-protection that is conferred by nasal vaccines against respiratory infection with antigenically shifted SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strains.
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References
Wang, Q. et al. Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants. Cell 186, 279–286.e278 (2023). This paper reports that Omicron subvariants are highly evasive for neutralizing antibodies.
Morens, D. M., Taubenberger, J. K. & Fauci, A. S. Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and other respiratory viruses. Cell Host Microbe 31, 146–157 (2023). This review discusses the possible use of mucosal vaccines against respiratory viruses.
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Gagne, M. et al. Mucosal adenoviral-vectored vaccine boosting durably prevents XBB.1.16 Infection in nonhuman primates. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.06.565765 (2023). This preprint shows the use of the ChAd vaccine in non-human primates when administered as a booster via the mucosal route.
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This is a summary of: Ying, B. et al. Mucosal vaccine-induced cross-reactive CD8+ T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 respiratory tract infection. Nat. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01743-x (2024).
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A nasal vaccine elicits protective CD8+ T cell immunity against antigen shifted SARS-CoV-2 virus. Nat Immunol 25, 401–402 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01744-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01744-w
