¹ The Voyage of Governor Philip to Botany Bay; with an account of the establishment of the colonies of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island (London, 1789), 26 January 1788, http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks/e00101.html.

² David Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales with remarks on the dispositions, customs, manners, &c. of the native inhabitants of that country [. . .], vol. 1 (London, 1798; Project Gutenberg, 2004), chap. 1, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12565/12565-h/12565-h.htm. No treaty was ever signed, and sovereignty was never ceded. I recognize the Gadigal people of the Eora nation as the sovereign owners of Warrane/Sydney.

³ Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, chap. 1.

⁴ Langford, Paul, A Polite and Commercial People: England, 1727–1783 (Oxford, 1989)Google Scholar.

⁵ Gikandi, Simon, Slavery and the Culture of Taste (Princeton, 2011)Google Scholar.

⁶ Moreton-Robinson, Aileen, The White Possessive: Property, Power, and Indigenous Sovereignty (Minneapolis, 2015), xii, xxCrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁷ Vickery, Amanda, Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England (New Haven, 2009), 274Google Scholar.

⁸ Vickery, Behind Closed Doors, 274–75; Rosalind Carr, Gender and Enlightenment Culture in Eighteenth-Century Scotland (Edinburgh, 2014), 102–41.

⁹ Clark, Ralph, Fidlon, Paul G., and Ryan, R. J., eds., The Journal and Letters of Lt. Ralph Clark, 1787–1792 (Sydney, 1981), 61, 67Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Berry, Helen, “Rethinking Politeness in Eighteenth-Century England: Moll King's Coffee House and the Significance of ‘Flash Talk,’” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, no. 11 (2001): 65–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Dickie, Simon, Cruelty and Laughter: Forgotten Comic Literature and the Unsentimental Eighteenth Century (Chicago, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Davison, Kate, “Occasional Politeness and Gentlemen's Laughter in 18th C England,” Historical Journal 57, no. 4 (2014): 921–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹¹ Barker-Benfield, G. J., The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Chicago, 1992), 132–40Google Scholar.

¹² John Hunter, “A Voyage to New South Wales: October 1786 to September 1787,” chap. 1 in An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island Including the Journals of Governors Phillip and Kings Since the Public of Phillip's Voyage (London, 1793; Sydney, 2003), https://adc.library.usyd.edu.au/data-2/hunhist.pdf.

¹³ Bayly, C. A., “The British and Indigenous Peoples, 1760–1860: Power, Perception and Identity,” in Empire and Others: British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples 1600–1850, ed. Daunton, Martin and Halpern, Rick (London, 1999), 21Google Scholar. For Indigenous peoples’ responses to and role in this process, see the contributions in Kate Fullagar and Michael A. McDonnell, eds., Facing Empire: Indigenous Experiences in a Revolutionary Age (Baltimore, 2018).

¹⁴ Greig, Hannah, The Beau Monde: Fashionable Society in Georgian London (Oxford, 2013)Google Scholar.

¹⁵ Wilson, Kathleen, ed., A New Imperial History: Culture, Identity and Modernity in Britain and the Empire, 1660–1840 (Cambridge, 2004)Google Scholar.

¹⁶ Fullagar, Kate, ed., The Atlantic World in the Antipodes: Effects and Transformations since the Eighteenth Century (Newcastle, 2012)Google Scholar; Fullagar, Kate, The Savage Visit: New World People and Popular Imperial Culture in Britain, 1710–1795 (Berkley, 2012)Google Scholar; Fullagar, Kate, The Warrior, the Voyager, and the Artist: Three Lives in an Age of Empire (New Haven, 2020)Google Scholar.

¹⁷ For instance, Collins, Hunter, and Tench had all served in North America: see Australian Dictionary of Biography, s.v. “Collins, David (1756–1810),” http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/collins-david-1912/text2269; J. J. Auchmuty, s.v., “Hunter, John (1737–1821),” Australian Dictionary of Biography (1966), http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hunter-john-2213; L. F. Fitzhardinge, s.v., “Tench, Watkin (1758–1833),” Australian Dictionary of Biography (1967), http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/tench-watkin-2719/text3829. See also Alan Frost, “‘As It Were Another America’: English Ideas of the First Settlement in New South Wales at the End of the Eighteenth Century,” Eighteenth-Century Studies 7, no. 3 (1974): 255–73.

¹⁸ Robert Dixon, The Course of Empire: Neo-classical Culture in New South Wales, 1788–1860 (Oxford, 1986), 4.

¹⁹ Damien Tricoire, introduction to Enlightened Colonialism: Civilization Narratives and Imperial Projects in the Age of Reason, ed. Damien Tricoire (Cham, 2017), 1–22, at 7.

²⁰ Charles W. J. Withers, Placing the Enlightenment: Thinking Geographically about the Age of Reason (Chicago, 2007), 9, 43–53; “The First Fleet Artwork Collection,” Natural History Museum (UK), accessed 22 August 2017, http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/departments-and-staff/library-and-archives/collections/fleet-artwork-collection.html; Bronwen Douglas, “‘Novus Orbis Australis’: Oceania in the Science of Race, 1750–1850,” in Foreign Bodies: Oceania and the Science of Race, 1750–1940, ed. Bronwen Douglas and Chris Ballard (Canberra, 2008), 99–155.

²¹ Allan I. Macinnes and Jean-François Dunyach, introduction to “Enlightenment and Empire,” special issue, Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 38, no. 1 (2018): 1–17; John G. Reid, “Scots, Settler Colonization and Indigenous Displacement: Mi'kma’ki, 1770–1820, in Comparative Context,” Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 38, no. 1 (2018): 178–96. See also the contributions in David A. Wilson and Graeme Morton, eds., Irish and Scottish Encounters with Indigenous Peoples: Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia (Montreal, 2014).

²² Cairns Craig, “Empire of Intellect: The Scottish Enlightenment and Scotland's Intellectual Migrants,” in Scotland and the British Empire, ed. John M. MacKenzie and T. M. Devine (Oxford, 2011), 84–117, at 101.

²³ John M. MacKenzie, “Scots and the Environment of Empire,” in MacKenzie and Devine, Scotland and the British Empire, 147–75, at 173.

²⁴ See, for example, Roger L. Emerson and Mark G. Spencer, “Several Contexts of the Scottish Enlightenment,” in The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment, ed. Alexander Broadie and Craig Smith, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 2019), 9–32.

²⁵ Andrew S. Curran, The Anatomy of Blackness: Science and Slavery in an Age of Enlightenment (Baltimore, 2013), 6. See also Dror Wahrman, The Making of the Modern Self: Identity and Culture in Eighteenth-Century England (New Haven, 2004); Roxann Wheeler, The Complexion of Race: Categories of Difference in Eighteenth-Century British Culture (Philadelphia, 2000).

²⁶ Shino Konishi, The Aboriginal Male in the Enlightenment World (London, 2012), 7, 5. See also Bruce Buchan and Linda Andersson Burnett, “Knowing Savagery: Australia and the Anatomy of Race,” History of the Human Sciences 32, no. 4 (2019): 115–34.

²⁷ John Hunter, “A Voyage to New South Wales: January 1788 to August 1788,” chap. 3 in An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island.

²⁸ Moreton-Robinson, White Possessive.

²⁹ Christopher J. Berry, Social Theory of the Scottish Enlightenment (Edinburgh, 1997).

³⁰ John Gascoigne, The Enlightenment and The Origins of European Australia (Cambridge, 2002).

³¹ Lawrence E. Klein, “Politeness and the Interpretation of the British Eighteenth Century,” Historical Journal 45, no 4 (2002): 869–98, at 875–77.

³² Grace Karskens, The Colony: A History of Early Sydney (Crows Nest, 2010).

³³ Inga Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers: Europeans and Australians at First Contact (Cambridge, 2005). For a critique of Clendinnen's methodology, see Shino Konishi “‘Wanton with Plenty’: Questioning Ethno-historical Constructions of Sexual Savagery in Aboriginal Societies, 1788–1803,” Australian Historical Studies 39, no. 3 (2008): 356–72.

³⁴ Soile Ylivuori, “A Polite Foucault? Eighteenth-Century Politeness as a Disciplinary System and Practice of the Self,” Cultural History 3, no 2 (2014): 170–89, at 180.

³⁵ Collins, preface to An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales.

³⁶ Bruce Pascoe, Dark Emu: Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident? (Broome, 2014); Paul Irish, Hidden in Plain View: The Aboriginal People of Coastal Sydney (Sydney, 2017), 12–17.

³⁷ Collins, preface to An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales.

³⁸ David Hume, “Of Refinement in the Arts,” Political Discourses (1752, 1777), Hume Texts Online, https://davidhume.org/texts/pld/ra. First published as “Of Luxury” (1752).

³⁹ Philip Carter, Men and the Emergence of Polite Society, Britain 1660–1800 (Essex, 2001); Michele Cohen, Fashioning Masculinity: National Identity and Language in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1996).

⁴⁰ Soile Ylivuori, Women and Politeness in Eighteenth-Century England: Bodies, Identities, and Power (London, 2019).

⁴¹ Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers, 153–54; Joy Damousi, Depraved and Disorderly: Female Convicts, Sexuality and Gender in Colonial Australia (Cambridge, 1997), 40.

⁴² Gananath Obeyesekere, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook: European Mythmaking in the Pacific (Princeton, 1992), 5.

⁴³ Gillian Russell, “An ‘Entertainment of Oddities’: Fashionable Sociability and the Pacific in the 1770s,” in A New Imperial History: Culture, Identity and Modernity in Britain and the Empire, 1760–1840, ed. Kathleen Wilson (Cambridge, 2004), 48–70.

⁴⁴ Kate Fullagar, “‘Savages That Are Come among Us’: Mai, Bennelong, and British Imperial Culture, 1774–1795,” Eighteenth Century 49, no. 3 (2008): 211–37.

⁴⁵ John Gascoigne, Science in the Service of Empire: Joseph Banks, The British State and The Uses of Science in the Age of Revolution (Cambridge, 1998); Patricia Fara, Sex, Botany and Empire: The Story of Carl Linnaeus and Joseph Banks (New York, 2003); Nicola Starbuck, “Sir Joseph Banks and the Baudin Expedition: Exploring the Politics of the Republic of Letters,” George Rudé Society, 29 August 2017, https://h-france.net/rude/vol3/starbuck3/ .

⁴⁶ Bronwen Douglas, “Philosophers, Naturalists, and Antipodean Encounters, 1748–1803,” Intellectual History Review 23, no. 3 (2013): 387–409; Anne Salmond, The Trial of the Cannibal Dog: Captain Cook in the South Seas (London, 2004), 145.

⁴⁷ Quoted in Salmond, Trial of the Cannibal Dog, 118.

⁴⁸ Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 2004).

⁴⁹ Jack. P. Greene, Evaluating Empire and Confronting Colonialism in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2013), 120.

⁵⁰ Alan Lester and Fae Dussart, Colonization and the Origins of Humanitarian Governance: Protecting Aborigines across the Nineteenth-Century British Empire (Cambridge, 2014).

⁵¹ Karskens, The Colony, 354, 365–71.

⁵² Michael Leroy Oberg, Dominion and Civility: English Imperialism and Native America, 1585–1685 (Ithaca, 1999), 48–80.

⁵³ “Extract from a letter written by an officer of the marines, Port Jackson, 18 Nov 1788,” in Phillip, 1783–1792, ed. Frank Murcott Bladen, vol. 1, part 2, of Historical Records of New South Wales (Sydney, 1892), 221–24, at 223.

⁵⁴ Mary Casey, “Remaking Britain: Establishing British Identity and Power at Sydney Cove, 1788–1821,” Australasian Historical Archaeology, no. 24 (2006): 87–98; Karskens, The Colony, 72–74.

⁵⁵ Lenore Coltheart and Peter Bridges, “The Elephant's Bed? Scottish Enlightenment Ideas and the Foundations of New South Wales,” Journal of Australian Studies 25, no. 68 (2001): 19–33, esp. 26–31.

⁵⁶ Bob Harris and Charles McKean, The Scottish Town in the Age of the Enlightenment, 1740–1820 (Edinburgh, 2014), 428–88.

⁵⁷ Stephen Gapps, The Sydney Wars: Conflict in the Early Colony, 1788–1817 (Sydney, 2018).

⁵⁸ Governor Macquarie to Earl Bathurst, 18 March 1816, in Historical Records of Australia, series 1, vol. 9, January 1816–December 1818, ed. Frank Watson (Sydney, 1917), 52–73, at 53–54.

⁵⁹ Gapps, Sydney Wars, 225–31.

⁶⁰ Grace Karskens, s.v., “Appin Massacre,” Dictionary of Sydney (2015), https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/appin_massacre.

⁶¹ Karskens, “Appin Massacre,” quoting Captain James Wallis, Journal and Report, 10–17 April, 1816, Colonial Secretary's Correspondence, 4/1735, New South Wales State Records.

⁶² George Caley, Reflections on the Colony of New South Wales, ed. J. E. B. Currey (London, 1967), 56–57.

⁶³ Peter Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town, 1660–1770 (Oxford, 1991); R. H. Sweet, “Topographies of Politeness,” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, no. 12 (2002): 355–74.

⁶⁴ Alan Frost, Botany Bay Mirages: Illusions of Australia's Convict Beginnings (Melbourne, 1994), 2–3.

⁶⁵ Moreton-Robinson, White Possessive, xiii. See also Making Settler Colonial Space: Perspectives on Race, Place and Identity, ed. Tracey Banivanua Mar and Penelope Edmonds (Basingstoke, 2010).

⁶⁶ Collins, “Introduction: A Voyage to New South Wales,” section 2, in An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales.

⁶⁷ Penny Russell, Savage or Civilised? Manners in Colonial Australia (Sydney, 2010), 43–48.

⁶⁸ Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, chap. 20.

⁶⁹ Sun (London), Wednesday, 16 March 1796, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Burney Newspapers Collection, https://www.gale.com/c/seventeenth-and-eighteenth-century-burney-newspapers-collection. I thank Soile Ylivuori, University of Helsinki, for this reference.

⁷⁰ Daniel Paine, “Diary as kept in a Voyage to Port Jackson, New South Wales, a Short Residence on that Settlement, and Passage to China, with Return by the way of Manilla, Batavia, and St Helena [. . .] 1794, 5, 6, 7 and 8,” 12 August 1796, Caird Library, JOD/172, https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2226869309/view.

⁷¹ Kathleen Wilson, The Island Race: Englishness, Empire and Gender in the Eighteenth Century (London, 2003), 151.

⁷² Irish, Hidden in Plain View, 19–27. For a summary of the historiographical debate regarding the cause of the outbreak, see Karskens, The Colony, 375–76.

⁷³ Hunter, “Transactions at Port Jackson: May 1789 to January 1790,” chap. 6 in An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island.

⁷⁴ Deirdre Coleman, Romantic Colonization and British Anti-Slavery (Cambridge, 2005), 172.

⁷⁵ Gascoigne, The Enlightenment and The Origins of European Australia, 70.

⁷⁶ Onni Gust, Unhomely Empire: Whiteness and Belonging, c.1760–1830 (Bloomsbury, 2020), 15.

⁷⁷ Gust, Unhomely Empire, 31.

⁷⁸ Robbie Richardson, The Savage and Modern Self: North American Indians in Eighteenth-Century British Literature and Culture (Toronto, 2018), 3, 7.

⁷⁹ On the embodiment of colonial-Indigenous encounters, see, generally, Konishi, Aboriginal Male in the Enlightenment World.

⁸⁰ Rana Hogarth, “Of Black Skin and Biopower: Lessons from the Eighteenth Century,” American Quarterly 71, no. 3 (2019): 838, 837–47.

⁸¹ Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers.

⁸² Konishi, Aboriginal Male in the Enlightenment World, 10, 73–87.

⁸³ H. M. Höpfl, “From Savage to Scotsman: Conjectural History in the Scottish Enlightenment,” Journal of British Studies 17, no. 2. (1978): 19–40; R. L. Meek, Social Science and the Ignoble Savage (Cambridge, 1976).

⁸⁴ Jane Rendall, “Clio, Mars, and Minerva: The Scottish Enlightenment and the Writing of Women's History,” in Eighteenth Century Scotland: New Perspectives, ed. T. M. Devine and J. R. Young (East Linton, 1999), 134–51; William Alexander, The history of women, from the earliest antiquity, to the present time: Giving some account of almost every interesting particular concerning that sex, among all nations, ancient and modern, 2 vols. (London, 1779).

⁸⁵ John Millar, The Origin of the Distinction of Ranks; or An Inquiry into the Circumstances which give rise to Influence and Authority in the Different Members of Society [1771], ed. Aaron Garret (Indianapolis, 2006), 73.

⁸⁶ Barker-Benfield, Culture of Sensibility.

⁸⁷ Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, chap. 7.

⁸⁸ Martin Daunton and Rick Halperin, “Introduction: British Identities, Indigenous Peoples and the Empire,” in Daunton and Halpern, Empire and Others, 1–18, at 4.

⁸⁹ Watkin Tench, “Transactions of the Colony in Part of December, 1790,” chap. 7 in A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson [. . .] (London, 1793; Sydney, 1998), https://adc.library.usyd.edu.au/data-2/p00044.pdf.

⁹⁰ “Phillip's Views on the Conduct of the Expedition and the Treatment of Convicts,” in Bladen, Phillip, 1783–1792, 50–54, at 52.

⁹¹ Stephen Banks, A Polite Exchange of Bullets: The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750–1850 (Suffolk, 2010); Raymond Evans and Bill Thorpe, “Commanding Men: Masculinities and the Convict System,” Journal of Australian Studies 22, no. 56 (1998): 17–34.

⁹² Clark, Fidlon, and Ryan Journal and Letters of Lt. Ralph Clark, 70.

⁹³ Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, chap. 6.

⁹⁴ Watkin Tench, “A Retrospect of the State of the Colony of Port Jackson, on the Date of my former Narrative, in July, 1788,” chap. 1 in A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson.

⁹⁵ Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wale.

⁹⁶ Rachel Standfield, “‘These Unoffending People’: Myth, History and the Idea of Aboriginal Resistance in David Collins’ Account of the English Colony in New South Wales,” in Passionate Histories: Myth, Memory and Indigenous Australia, ed. Frances Peters-Little, Ann Curthoys, and John Docker (Caberra, 2010), 123–40.

⁹⁷ Gapps, Sydney Wars, 36–53.

⁹⁸ Ann Curthoys, “Indigenous Subjects,” in Australia's Empire, ed. Deryck M. Schreuder and Stuart Ward (Oxford, 2008), 78–102.

⁹⁹ Gapps, Sydney Wars, 113, quoting “Lieut-Gov Paterson to the Right Hon. Henry Dundas, 15 June 1795,” in Historical Records of New South Wales, vol. 2, Grose and Paterson, 1793–1795, ed. Frank Murcott Bladen (Sydney, 1893), 306–8, at 307.

¹⁰⁰ Gapps, Sydney Wars, 120–21, 128–33.

¹⁰¹ Carter, Men and the Emergence of Polite Society, 70–76.

¹⁰² Dickie, Cruelty and Laughter, 130–42.

¹⁰³ Robert Shoemaker, “Male Honour and the Decline of Public Violence in Eighteenth-Century London,” Social History 26, no. 2 (2001): 190–208.

¹⁰⁴ Joseph Banks, Soho Sq London, to Governor King, Port Jackson, 8 April 1803, in The Indian and Pacific Correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks, 1768–1820, ed. Neil Chambers, vol. 6 (London, 2013), 108.

¹⁰⁵ Paul Turnbull, Science, Museums and Collecting the Indigenous Dead in Colonial Australia (London, 2017), 33–70.

¹⁰⁶ Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States (Boston, 2014), 71–74; Daniel K. Richter, “Native Peoples of North America and the Eighteenth-Century British Empire,” in The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Eighteenth Century, ed. P. J. Marshall (Oxford, 1998), 347–71.

¹⁰⁷ Richard Gott, Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt (London, 2011), 11– 90.

¹⁰⁸ Gapps, Sydney Wars, 48.

¹⁰⁹ William Bradley, “1788, October,” “A Voyage to New South Wales, December 1786–May 1792,” transcript, State Library of New South Wales, 125–26, http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2007/D00007/a138.html.

¹¹⁰ Gapps, Sydney Wars, 40, quoting John White, Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales (1790), 151–53.

¹¹¹ Gust, Unhomely Empire, 19–36.

¹¹² Silvia Sebastiani, The Scottish Enlightenment: Race, Gender, and the Limits of Progress, trans. Jeremy Carden (Basingstoke, 2013), 85–95.

¹¹³ Hunter, “A Voyage to New South Wales: January 1788 to August 1788.”

¹¹⁴ George B. Worgan, “Letter (June 12–June 18 1788),” in Journal of a First Fleet Surgeon ([1788]; Sydney, 2003), https://adc.library.usyd.edu.au/data-2/worjour.pdf.

¹¹⁵ Worgan, “Letter (June 12-June 18 1788).”

¹¹⁶ Worgan.

¹¹⁷ Alecia Simmonds, “Friendship, Imperial Violence and the Law of Nations: The Case of Late-Eighteenth Century British Oceania,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 42, no. 4 (2014): 645–66, at 656.

¹¹⁸ Hunter, “A Voyage to New South Wales: January 1788 to August 1788.”

¹¹⁹ Clendinnen, Dancing with Strangers, 40.

¹²⁰ Hunter, “A Voyage to New South Wales: January 1788 to August 1788.”

¹²¹ Watkin Tench, “Transactions of the Colony from the sailing of the First Fleet in July, 1788, to the Close of that Year,” chap. 2 in A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson, 10.

¹²² Wilson, Island Race, 55–75.

¹²³ Russell, Savage or Civilised?, 19–27; Irish, Hidden in Plain View, 51–65; Vanessa Smith, Intimate Strangers: Friendship, Exchange and Pacific Encounters (Cambridge, 2010); the contributions in Tiffany Shellam et al., eds. Brokers and Boundaries: Colonial Exploration in Indigenous Territory (Canberra, 2016).

¹²⁴ Russell, Savage or Civilised?, 27.

¹²⁵ Bradley, “1788 January,” “Voyage to New South Wales,” 69.

¹²⁶ Coleman, Romantic Colonization, 165.

¹²⁷ “Extract from a letter written by an officer of the marines, dated Port Jackson, 18 Nov 1788,” 221–24, at 222.

¹²⁸ David Garrioch, “From Christian Friendship to Secular Sentimentality: Enlightenment Re-evaluations,” in Friendship: A History, ed. Barbara Caine (London, 2014), 165–214.

¹²⁹ Henry Home, Lord Kames, “Sketch V: Manners,” in Sketches of the History of Man, vol. 1 (1778; repr., Indianapolis, 2006), 163–254, at 204.

¹³⁰ Kames, “Sketch V: Manners,” 204.

¹³¹ Coleman, Romantic Colonization, 165.

¹³² Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton, 2003).

¹³³ Sunil M. Agnani, Hating Empire Properly: The Two Indies and the Limits of Enlightenment Anticolonialism (New York, 2013), 26.

¹³⁴ Agnani, Hating Empire Properly, 35; “Governor Phillip's Instructions 25 April 1787,” in Documenting a Democracy,” Museum of Australian Democracy, www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-35.html.

¹³⁵ The Notebooks of William Dawes on the Aboriginal Language of Sydney, accessed 29 December 2022, https://www.williamdawes.org/.

¹³⁶ Ross Gibson, “Patyegarang and William Dawes: The Space of Imagination,” in Making Settler Colonial Space: Perspectives on Race, Place and Identity, ed. Tracey Banivanua Mar and Penelope Edmonds (Basingstoke, 2010), 242–54, at 251–52.

¹³⁷ For examples from other European colonial spaces, see Tricoire, Enlightened Colonialism.

¹³⁸ Cassandra Pybus, “‘Not Fit for Your Protection or an Honest Man's Company’: A Transnational Perspective on the Saintly William Dawes,” History Australia 6, no. 1 (2009): 12.1–7; Sue Thomas, “A Transnational Perspective on William Dawes’ Treatment of Women,” History Australia 10, no. 1 (2013): 187–204.

¹³⁹ Alan Atkinson, “Conquest,” in Australia's Empire, ed. Deryck M. Schreuder and Stuart Ward (Oxford, 2008), 3–53, at 53.

¹⁴⁰ John Hunter, “Transactions at Port Jackson: February 1791 to March 1791,” chap. 8 in An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island.

¹⁴¹ Kate Fullagar, “Bennelong in Britain,” Aboriginal History, no. 33 (2009): 31–51; Karskens, The Colony, 371–85.

¹⁴² Shino Konishi, “Bennelong and Gogy: Strategic Brokers in Colonial New South Wales,” in Shellam et al., Brokers and Boundaries, 15–37; Keith Vincent Smith, “Bennelong among His People,” Aboriginal History, no. 33 (2009): 7–30.

¹⁴³ Michael Sturma, “Dressing, Undressing, and Early European Contact in Australia and Tahiti,” Pacific Studies 21, no. 3 (1998): 87–104.

¹⁴⁴ Sturma, “Dressing, Undressing, and Early European Contact,” 93; Konishi, Aboriginal Male in the Enlightenment World, 43–50.

¹⁴⁵ Susan Vincent, “Men's Hair: Managing Appearances in the Long Eighteenth Century,” in Gender and Material Culture in Britain Since 1600, ed. Hannah Greig, Jane Hamlett, and Leonie Hannan (Basingstoke, 2016): 49–67, at 50–54; Alun Withey, “Shaving and Masculinity in Eighteenth-Century Britain,” Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 36, no 2 (2013): 225–43.

¹⁴⁶ Watkin Tench, “Transactions of the Colony, from the Commencement of the Year 1789, to the end of March,” chap 3, in A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson.

¹⁴⁷ Karskens, The Colony, 378–79.

¹⁴⁸ Hunter, “Transactions at Port Jackson: May 1789 to January 1790.”

¹⁴⁹ As noted above, sovereignty was never ceded.

¹⁵⁰ George B. Worgan, “Journal (January 20–July 11 1788),” in Journal of A First Fleet Surgeon.