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The Overdose Crisis in the 2024 Election—Political Fights and Practical Problems JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Brendan Saloner
This Viewpoint discusses the 2024 presidential election in the context of the addiction and overdose crisis in the US, which has been a unifying challenge and a source of major ideological division in US politics.
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Interstitial Lung Disease JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Toby M. Maher
ImportanceInterstitial lung disease (ILD) consists of a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung parenchyma associated with progressive dyspnea that frequently results in end-stage respiratory failure. In the US, ILD affects approximately 650 000 people and causes approximately 25 000 to 30 000 deaths per year.ObservationsThe most common forms of ILD are
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Preoperative GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Risk of Postoperative Respiratory Complications JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Anjali A. Dixit, Brian T. Bateman, Mary T. Hawn, Michelle C. Odden, Eric C. Sun
This cohort study evaluates the risk of postoperative respiratory complications among patients with diabetes undergoing surgery who had vs those who had not a prescription fill for glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.
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Associations Between Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Joshua D. Wallach, Samuel Yoon, Harry Doernberg, Laura R. Glick, Oriana Ciani, Rod S. Taylor, Maryam Mooghali, Reshma Ramachandran, Joseph S. Ross
ImportanceSurrogate markers are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials supporting drug approvals.ObjectiveTo systematically summarize the evidence from meta-analyses, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and pooled analyses (hereafter, meta-analyses) of clinical trials examining the strength of association between treatment effects measured using surrogate markers and clinical
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Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Urinary Tract Infection JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Shruti K. Gohil, Edward Septimus, Ken Kleinman, Neha Varma, Taliser R. Avery, Lauren Heim, Risa Rahm, William S. Cooper, Mandelin Cooper, Laura E. McLean, Naoise G. Nickolay, Robert A. Weinstein, L. Hayley Burgess, Micaela H. Coady, Edward Rosen, Selsebil Sljivo, Kenneth E. Sands, Julia Moody, Justin Vigeant, Syma Rashid, Rebecca F. Gilbert, Kim N. Smith, Brandon Carver, Russell E. Poland, Jason Hickok
ImportanceUrinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common infection leading to hospitalization and is often associated with gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Clinicians overuse extended-spectrum antibiotics although most patients are at low risk for MDRO infection. Safe strategies to limit overuse of empiric antibiotics are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether computerized
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Clinical Highlights From the American College of Cardiology’s 2024 Scientific Session JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Jennifer Abbasi
This Medical News article is an interview with Douglas Drachman, MD, an interventional cardiologist and chair of the American College of Cardiology’s annual meeting.
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Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Pneumonia JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Shruti K. Gohil, Edward Septimus, Ken Kleinman, Neha Varma, Taliser R. Avery, Lauren Heim, Risa Rahm, William S. Cooper, Mandelin Cooper, Laura E. McLean, Naoise G. Nickolay, Robert A. Weinstein, L. Hayley Burgess, Micaela H. Coady, Edward Rosen, Selsebil Sljivo, Kenneth E. Sands, Julia Moody, Justin Vigeant, Syma Rashid, Rebecca F. Gilbert, Kim N. Smith, Brandon Carver, Russell E. Poland, Jason Hickok
ImportancePneumonia is the most common infection requiring hospitalization and is a major reason for overuse of extended-spectrum antibiotics. Despite low risk of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection, clinical uncertainty often drives initial antibiotic selection. Strategies to limit empiric antibiotic overuse for patients with pneumonia are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether computerized
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What Is Hepatitis D Infection? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Rebecca Voelker
This JAMA Patient Page describes hepatitis D infection and its risk factors, outcomes of acute and chronic infection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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“The Patient” JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Katie A. Thure
When a resident announced that “the patient has no chance of surviving,” a medical student, in this narrative medicine essay, has pondered for years how her mother could have been so reduced and advocates using patients’ names when summarizing their conditions.
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A Patient With Type 1 Diabetes and Acute Rhinosinusitis JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Francisco J. Machiavello Roman, Marwan M. Azar, Paul A. Trubin
A 41-year-old with type 1 diabetes had generalized weakness, muffled voice, and slurred speech. Neck computed tomography showed soft-tissue gas in the nasopharynx and prevertebral fascia; examination of sinus mucosal samples identified numerous broad, nonseptate right-angled hyphae and fruiting bodies. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
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Accelerating Climate Action Through Academic Health Systems JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 A. Eugene Washington, William T. Mallon, Johnese Spisso
This Viewpoint makes the case for academic health systems to lead the way on climate change action in the US, including planning to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, educating current and future clinicians, and communicating with their patients and communities.
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Serious Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using Diltiazem With Apixaban or Rivaroxaban JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Wayne A. Ray, Cecilia P. Chung, C. Michael Stein, Walter Smalley, Eli Zimmerman, William D. Dupont, Adriana M. Hung, James R. Daugherty, Alyson Dickson, Katherine T. Murray
ImportanceDiltiazem, a commonly prescribed ventricular rate–control medication for patients with atrial fibrillation, inhibits apixaban and rivaroxaban elimination, possibly causing overanticoagulation.ObjectiveTo compare serious bleeding risk for new users of apixaban or rivaroxaban with atrial fibrillation treated with diltiazem or metoprolol.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort
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Protecting Privacy of Pregnant and LGBTQ+ Research Participants JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Ellen Wright Clayton, Harris T. Bland, Kathleen F. Mittendorf
This Viewpoint summarizes existing federal regulations aimed at protecting research data, describes the challenges of enforcing these regulations, and discusses how evolving privacy technologies could be used to reduce health disparities and advance health equity among pregnant and LGBTQ+ research participants.
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Leave of Absence and Medical Student Placement Into Graduate Medical Education by Race and Ethnicity JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Mytien Nguyen, Hyacinth R. C. Mason, Regina Russell, Tonya Fancher, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Mayur M. Desai, Dowin Boatright
This study examines the association between taking a leave of absence from medical school and placement into graduate medical education (GME) by race and ethnicity.
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Does This Infant Have a Dislocated Hip? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Abhinav Singh, Ryckie George Wade, David Metcalfe, Daniel C. Perry
ImportanceDelayed diagnosis of a dislocated hip in infants can lead to complex childhood surgery, interruption to family life, and premature osteoarthritis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination in identifying dislocated hips in infants.Data SourcesSystematic search of CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database until October 31
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Produce Prescriptions Sound Good, but Data to Support Them Is Lacking—That Could Soon Change JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Maryn McKenna
This Medical News article discusses research initiatives to support produce prescriptions and other “food is medicine” nutrition programs in health care settings.
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Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiovascular Disease Events JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Feitong Wu, David R. Jacobs, Stephen R. Daniels, Mika Kähönen, Jessica G. Woo, Alan R. Sinaiko, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Lydia A. Bazzano, Julia Steinberger, Elaine M. Urbina, Alison J. Venn, Olli T. Raitakari, Terence Dwyer, Markus Juonala, Costan G. Magnussen
ImportanceElevated non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C; a recommended measure of lipid-related cardiovascular risk) is common in children and increases risk of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether resolution of elevated childhood non–HDL-C levels by adulthood is associated with reduced risk of clinical CVD events is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of non–HDL-C status
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Assessing the Real-World Effectiveness of Immunizations for Respiratory Syncytial Virus JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Fatimah S. Dawood, Amanda B. Payne, Meredith L. McMorrow
This Viewpoint discusses recommendations from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for newly licensed immunizations for respiratory syncytial virus in infants, children with high-risk conditions, and older adults.
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Good Enough JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Lauren Rissman
In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric critical care physician mulls a discussion about a patient’s status with a male colleague in front of her all-female medical team, a discussion that led her to question herself until she concludes that she can’t be all things to all people at all times.
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Tilt Table Testing JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 William P. Cheshire, Daniel V. Dudenkov, Bala Munipalli
This Diagnostic Test Interpretation uses a patient case to illustrate tilt table testing, useful for evaluating patients with syncope of unknown cause or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).
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Including Pregnant and Lactating Women in Clinical Research JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Margaret Foster Riley
This Viewpoint summarizes a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that encourages the inclusion of pregnant and lactating individuals in clinical research.
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Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device Manufacturer Payments to Cardiologists and Use of Devices JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Sanket S. Dhruva, Joseph S. Ross, Michael A. Steinman, Siqi Gan, Sruthi Muluk, Timothy S. Anderson
This study examines whether payments from a left ventricular assist device manufacturer to cardiologists performing percutaneous coronary intervention were associated with any use of the devices.
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Does This Patient Have Alcohol Use Disorder? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Evan Wood, Jeffrey Pan, Zishan Cui, Paxton Bach, Brittany Dennis, Seonaid Nolan, M. Eugenia Socias
ImportanceThe accuracy of screening tests for alcohol use disorder (defined as a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress) requires reassessment to align with the latest definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5).ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of screening tools in identifying individuals
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Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy and Children’s Risk of Autism, ADHD, and Intellectual Disability JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Viktor H. Ahlqvist, Hugo Sjöqvist, Christina Dalman, Håkan Karlsson, Olof Stephansson, Stefan Johansson, Cecilia Magnusson, Renee M. Gardner, Brian K. Lee
ImportanceSeveral studies suggest that acetaminophen (paracetamol) use during pregnancy may increase risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. If true, this would have substantial implications for management of pain and fever during pregnancy.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of acetaminophen use during pregnancy with children’s risk of autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Caroline H. Siegel, Lisa R. Sammaritano
ImportanceSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and immune-mediated injury to multiple organ systems, including the mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, hematologic, and kidney systems. Approximately 3.4 million people worldwide have received a diagnosis of SLE.ObservationsApproximately 90% of people with SLE are female. Although there are no uniformly
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Single Ascending and Multiple-Dose Trial of Zerlasiran, a Short Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a) JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Steven E. Nissen, Kathy Wolski, Gerald F. Watts, Michael J. Koren, Henry Fok, Stephen J. Nicholls, David A. Rider, Leslie Cho, Steven Romano, Carrie Melgaard, Curtis Rambaran
ImportanceLipoprotein(a) is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic stenosis, with no pharmacological treatments approved by regulatory authorities.ObjectivesTo assess the safety and tolerability of zerlasiran, a short interfering RNA targeting hepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein(a), and effects on serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a).Design, Setting
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Cardiac Function Before Sepsis and Clinical Outcomes JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Stuthi Iyer, Jason N. Kennedy, Jacob C. Jentzer, Mourad H. Senussi, Christopher W. Seymour
This cohort study characterizes heterogeneity in cardiac function prior to sepsis and describes associations with hospitalization outcomes and mortality.
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Data Checks Before Registering Study Protocols for Health Care Database Analyses JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Shirley V. Wang, Sebastian Schneeweiss
This Viewpoint discusses the challenges involved with secondary health care data collection vs primary data collection and provides a list of suggested data checks before registration of a study protocol using secondary data.
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Cancer Stage Compared With Mortality as End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cancer Screening JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Xiaoshuang Feng, Hana Zahed, Justina Onwuka, Matthew E. J. Callister, Mattias Johansson, Ruth Etzioni, Hilary A. Robbins
ImportanceRandomized clinical trials of cancer screening typically use cancer-specific mortality as the primary end point. The incidence of stage III-IV cancer is a potential alternative end point that may accelerate completion of randomized clinical trials of cancer screening.ObjectiveTo compare cancer-specific mortality with stage III-IV cancer as end points in randomized clinical trials of cancer
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Clinical Benefit and Regulatory Outcomes of Cancer Drugs Receiving Accelerated Approval JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-07 Ian T. T. Liu, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Edward R. Scheffer Cliff
ImportanceThe US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) accelerated approval pathway allows approval of investigational drugs treating unmet medical needs based on changes to surrogate measures considered “reasonably likely” to predict clinical benefit. Postapproval clinical trials are then required to confirm whether these drugs offer clinical benefit.ObjectiveTo determine whether cancer drugs granted
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Will Generative AI Tools Improve Access to Reliable Health Information? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Samantha Anderer, Yulin Hswen
This Medical News article is an interview with JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo and Virologist Davey Smith, head of the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health at the University of California, San Diego.
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Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Among US Children and Adults by Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Michael Fang, Dan Wang, Elizabeth Selvin
This study uses data from the 2019 to 2022 cycles of the National Health Interview Survey to estimate the prevalence of type 1 diabetes among US youths and adults.
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Integrated Hepatitis C–Opioid Use Disorder Care Through Facilitated Telemedicine JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Andrew H. Talal, Marianthi Markatou, Anran Liu, Ponni V. Perumalswami, Amreen M. Dinani, Jonathan N. Tobin, Lawrence S. Brown
ImportanceFacilitated telemedicine may promote hepatitis C virus elimination by mitigating geographic and temporal barriers.ObjectiveTo compare sustained virologic responses for hepatitis C virus among persons with opioid use disorder treated through facilitated telemedicine integrated into opioid treatment programs compared with off-site hepatitis specialist referral.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective
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Medicine—Both a Science (Care) and an Art (CARE) JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Theodore J. Strange, Mario R. Castellanos
This Viewpoint discusses the concept of CARE (compassion, assistance, respect, and empathy) as a way physicians can practice the art of medicine in the current era of care that increasingly incorporates predictive analytics and artificial intelligence.
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Earworms—A Narrative Review of Infectious Music JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 A.J. Lees, Sarah Lawson
This Arts and Medicine feature reviews the clinical and neurophysiologic features of earworms, music fragments heard in the mind that repeat over and over as if jammed in playback mode.
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Reporting Health Consequences of War in Medical Journals JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Philip Greenland, Oren Lakser, Lisa Lipschutz
This Viewpoint suggests that medical and public health journals should publish articles focused singularly on health without political bias when reporting on the health consequences of war.
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How’s Your Soul? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 David Vermette
In this narrative essay, a physician reflects on the way in which his residency program director’s unique background as a Master of Divinity helped him to focus on his growth as a human being rather than concentrating solely on clinical evaluations.
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Falls Prevention for Older Adults JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Peggy B. Leung, Jason T. Alexander, Karin E. Ouchida
This article summarizes a 2022 clinical practice guideline on falls prevention and management in older adults from the World Falls Guidelines Initiative.
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Risk Assessment and Prevention of Falls in Older Community-Dwelling Adults JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Cathleen S. Colón-Emeric, Cara L. McDermott, Deborah S. Lee, Sarah D. Berry
ImportanceFalls are reported by more than 14 million US adults aged 65 years or older annually and can result in substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures.ObservationsFalls result from age-related physiologic changes compounded by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Major modifiable risk factors among community-dwelling older adults include gait and balance disorders
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Health Equity Adjustment and Hospital Performance in the Medicare Value-Based Purchasing Program JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Michael Liu, Sahil Sandhu, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, Rishi K. Wadhera
ImportanceMedicare’s Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) program will provide a health equity adjustment (HEA) to hospitals that have greater proportions of patients dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid and that offer high-quality care beginning in fiscal year 2026. However, which hospitals will benefit most from this policy change and to what extent are unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate potential
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Common Oral Conditions JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-26 Eric T. Stoopler, Alessandro Villa, Mohammed Bindakhil, David L. Ojeda Díaz, Thomas P. Sollecito
ImportanceDry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are 3 of the most common oral conditions that may be associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of life, and morbidity.ObservationsIn a meta-analysis of 26 population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies, the global prevalence of dry mouth symptoms was 23% (95% CI, 18% to 28%), placing individuals at risk of oral candidiasis
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Provision of Medications for Self-Managed Abortion Before and After the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization Decision JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Abigail R. A. Aiken, Elisa S. Wells, Rebecca Gomperts, James G. Scott
ImportanceThe Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned the right to choose abortion in the US, with at least 16 states subsequently implementing abortion bans or 6-week gestational limits. Prior research indicates that in the 6 months following Dobbs, approximately 32 360 fewer abortions were provided within the US formal health care setting. However, trends
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Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators—Transformative Drugs or Heralds of the Next Drug Epidemic? JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Henrik A. Hahamyan, Shehzad Basaria
This Viewpoint examines whether selective androgen receptor modulators have the potential to be transformative drugs or whether they herald the next drug epidemic.
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Understanding the Impacts of the Supreme Court Case FDA v Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Eve Espey, Tiffany Hailstorks, Lisa Hofler
This Viewpoint outlines the potential effects of the Supreme Court case regarding mifepristone restrictions: a decision for the FDA would allow current dispensing, while ruling against the FDA would severely curtail access to reproductive health options.
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Differences in Donor Heart Acceptance by Race and Gender of Patients on the Transplant Waiting List JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Khadijah Breathett, Shannon M. Knapp, Sabra C. Lewsey, Selma F. Mohammed, Sula Mazimba, Shannon M. Dunlay, Albert Hicks, Onyedika J. Ilonze, Alanna A. Morris, Ryan J. Tedford, Monica M. Colvin, Richard C. Daly
ImportanceBarriers to heart transplant must be overcome prior to listing. It is unclear why Black men and women remain less likely to receive a heart transplant after listing than White men and women.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether race or gender of a heart transplant candidate (ie, patient on the transplant waiting list) is associated with the probability of a donor heart being accepted by the transplant
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The FDA in the Crosshairs—Science, Politics, and Abortion JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Holly Fernandez Lynch, Aaron S. Kesselheim
In this Viewpoint, the Supreme Court case FDA v AHM is used to illustrate the tension the FDA faces between science and politics, and state authority over abortion vs federal authority over which drugs may be marketed nationwide.
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Digital Avatars and Personalized Voices—How AI Is Helping to Restore Speech to Patients JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Samantha Anderer, Yulin Hswen
In this Medical News article, Edward Chang, MD, chair of the department of neurological surgery at the University of California, San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences joins JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, to discuss the potential for AI to revolutionize communication for those unable to speak due to aphasia.
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Quieting the Quiver JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Kelley Ward
In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric hospitalist identifies her sense of foreboding as a quiver that has and can rob her of moment-to-moment joy and in identifying it learns to use it as a guide to peace.
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The Rise and Risks of Medicare Advantage “Affinity Plans” JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Adam L. Beckman, Andrew M. Ryan, Jose F. Figueroa
This Viewpoint discusses the proliferation of Medicare Advantage plans targeting specific groups of individuals and whether these plans will improve quality of care for beneficiaries.
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Skin Biopsy Detection of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Patients With Synucleinopathies JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Christopher H. Gibbons, Todd Levine, Charles Adler, Bailey Bellaire, Ningshan Wang, Jade Stohl, Pinky Agarwal, Georgina M. Aldridge, Alexandru Barboi, Virgilio G. H. Evidente, Douglas Galasko, Michael D. Geschwind, Alejandra Gonzalez-Duarte, Ramon Gil, Mark Gudesblatt, Stuart H. Isaacson, Horacio Kaufmann, Pravin Khemani, Rajeev Kumar, Guillaume Lamotte, Andy J. Liu, Nikolaus R. McFarland, Mitchell
ImportanceFinding a reliable diagnostic biomarker for the disorders collectively known as synucleinopathies (Parkinson disease [PD], dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB], multiple system atrophy [MSA], and pure autonomic failure [PAF]) is an urgent unmet need. Immunohistochemical detection of cutaneous phosphorylated α-synuclein may be a sensitive and specific clinical test for the diagnosis of synucleinopathies
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US Supreme Court Limits on the Power of US Health Agencies JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Daniel G. Aaron, Avery E. Emery
This Viewpoint describes how the overturning of Chevron deference would shift the ability to make policy decisions about public health and the environment from administrative agencies to the courts.
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Implications for Public Health Regulation if Chevron Deference Is Overturned JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Sahil Agrawal, Joseph S. Ross, Reshma Ramachandran
This Viewpoint describes implications for medicine and public health if the US Supreme Court decides to overturn or narrow Chevron deference.
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Infectious Diseases in a Changing Climate JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Matthew C. Phillips, Regina C. LaRocque, George R. Thompson
This JAMA Insights in the Climate Change and Health series discusses the importance of clinicians having awareness of changes in the geographic range, seasonality, and intensity of transmission of infectious diseases to help them diagnose, treat, and prevent these diseases.
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Stroke Risk After COVID-19 Bivalent Vaccination Among US Older Adults JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Yun Lu, Kathryn Matuska, Gita Nadimpalli, Yuxin Ma, Nathan Duma, Henry T. Zhang, Yiyun Chiang, Hai Lyu, Yoganand Chillarige, Jeffrey A. Kelman, Richard A. Forshee, Steven A. Anderson
ImportanceIn January 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Food and Drug Administration noted a safety concern for ischemic stroke among adults aged 65 years or older who received the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2; WT/OMI BA.4/BA.5 COVID-19 bivalent vaccine.ObjectiveTo evaluate stroke risk after administration of (1) either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, (2) either
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Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Meera Viswanathan, Caroline Rains, Laura C. Hart, Emma Doran, Nila Sathe, Kesha Hudson, Rania Ali, Daniel E. Jonas, Roger Chou, Adam J. Zolotor
ImportanceChild maltreatment is associated with serious negative physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences.ObjectiveTo review the evidence on primary care–feasible or referable interventions to prevent child maltreatment to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through February 2, 2023; references, experts, and surveillance
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Using Effect Scores to Characterize Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Guanbo Wang, Patrick J. Heagerty, Issa J. Dahabreh
This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods article explains effect score analyses, an approach for evaluating the heterogeneity of treatment effects, and examines its use in a study of oxygen-saturation targets in critically ill patients.
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Individualized Treatment Effects of Oxygen Targets in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adults JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Kevin G. Buell, Alexandra B. Spicer, Jonathan D. Casey, Kevin P. Seitz, Edward T. Qian, Emma J. Graham Linck, Wesley H. Self, Todd W. Rice, Pratik Sinha, Paul J. Young, Matthew W. Semler, Matthew M. Churpek
ImportanceAmong critically ill adults, randomized trials have not found oxygenation targets to affect outcomes overall. Whether the effects of oxygenation targets differ based on an individual’s characteristics is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether an individual’s characteristics modify the effect of lower vs higher peripheral oxygenation-saturation (Spo2) targets on mortality.Design, Setting, and
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Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Jill Jin
This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of primary care interventions to prevent child maltreatment in children and adolescents younger than 18 years without signs or symptoms of maltreatment.
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Aspirin for Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Without Cirrhosis JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Tracey G. Simon, Robert M. Wilechansky, Stefania Stoyanova, Alessandra Grossman, Laura E. Dichtel, Georg M. Lauer, Karen K. Miller, Yujin Hoshida, Kathleen E. Corey, Rohit Loomba, Raymond T. Chung, Andrew T. Chan
ImportanceAspirin may reduce severity of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and lower the incidence of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, in patients with MASLD. However, the effect of aspirin on MASLD is unknown.ObjectiveTo test whether low-dose aspirin reduces liver fat content, compared with placebo, in adults with MASLD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis
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Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis JAMA (IF 120.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Charmaine E. Lok, Thomas S. Huber, Ani Orchanian-Cheff, Dheeraj K. Rajan
ImportanceHemodialysis requires reliable vascular access to the patient’s blood circulation, such as an arteriovenous access in the form of an autogenous arteriovenous fistula or nonautogenous arteriovenous graft. This Review addresses key issues associated with the construction and maintenance of hemodialysis arteriovenous access.ObservationsAll patients with kidney failure should have an individualized