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Structural disorder determines capacitance in nanoporous carbons Science (IF 56.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Xinyu Liu, Dongxun Lyu, Céline Merlet, Matthew J. A. Leesmith, Xiao Hua, Zhen Xu, Clare P. Grey, Alexander C. Forse
The difficulty in characterizing the complex structures of nanoporous carbon electrodes has led to a lack of clear design principles with which to improve supercapacitors. Pore size has long been considered the main lever to improve capacitance. However, our evaluation of a large series of commercial nanoporous carbons finds a lack of correlation between pore size and capacitance. Instead, nuclear
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High energy density in artificial heterostructures through relaxation time modulation Science (IF 56.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Sangmoon Han, Justin S. Kim, Eugene Park, Yuan Meng, Zhihao Xu, Alexandre C. Foucher, Gwan Yeong Jung, Ilpyo Roh, Sangho Lee, Sun Ok Kim, Ji-Yun Moon, Seung-Il Kim, Sanggeun Bae, Xinyuan Zhang, Bo-In Park, Seunghwan Seo, Yimeng Li, Heechang Shin, Kate Reidy, Anh Tuan Hoang, Suresh Sundaram, Phuong Vuong, Chansoo Kim, Junyi Zhao, Jinyeon Hwang, Chuan Wang, Hyungil Choi, Dong-Hwan Kim, Jimin Kwon, Jin-Hong
Electrostatic capacitors are foundational components of advanced electronics and high-power electrical systems owing to their ultrafast charging-discharging capability. Ferroelectric materials offer high maximum polarization, but high remnant polarization has hindered their effective deployment in energy storage applications. Previous methodologies have encountered problems because of the deteriorated
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First glowing animals lit up the oceans half a billion years ago Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24
Family tree of ‘octocorals’ pushes origin of bioluminescence back to 540 million years ago, when the first animal species developed eyes.
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Las Boriqueñas remembers the forgotten Puerto Rican women who tested the first pill Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24
Clinical trials of the first oral contraceptive recalled in a bold theatre production.
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Ecologists: don’t lose touch with the joy of fieldwork Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24
Amid the data deluge provided by lab-based techniques, such as environmental-DNA analysis, true connection still comes only in the outdoors.
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WHO redefines airborne transmission: what does that mean for future pandemics? Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24
The World Health Organization was criticized for being too slow to classify COVID-19 as airborne. Will the new terminology help next time?
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A chemical method for selective labelling of the key amino acid tryptophan Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-24
A technique that accurately identifies tryptophan side chains in proteins helps reveal interactions with positively charged molecules.
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Monkeypox virus: dangerous strain gains ability to spread through sex, new data suggest Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
A cluster of mpox cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo sparks worries of a wider outbreak.
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AI & robotics briefing: Winged robot demystifies insect flight Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Robot fly helps to unravel the workings of the insect wing hinge. Plus, AI traces mysterious metastatic cancers to their source and general rules for AI in publishing are coming.
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In This Issue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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India’s 50-year-old Chipko movement is a model for environmental activism Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Letter to the Editor
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The Middle East’s largest hypersaline lake risks turning into an environmental disaster zone Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Letter to the Editor
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Charles Darwin investigates: the curious case of primrose punishment Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Snippets from Nature’s past.
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Chemistry lab destroyed by Taiwan earthquake has physical and mental impacts Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Letter to the Editor
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More work is needed to take on the rural wastewater challenge Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Letter to the Editor
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Any plan to make smoking obsolete is the right step Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
The United Kingdom is correct to attempt to end the single largest preventable cause of illness and death, as was New Zealand before its government changed its mind.
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European ruling linking climate change to human rights could be a game changer — here’s how Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
The European Court of Human Rights’ judgment in a Swiss case cements the concept that climate inaction violates human rights — responsible nations around the world will take heed.
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Lethal AI weapons are here: how can we control them? Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Autonomous weapons guided by artificial intelligence are already in use. Researchers, legal experts and ethicists are struggling with what should be allowed on the battlefield.
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Star Formation Shut Down by Multiphase Gas Outflow in a Galaxy at a Redshift of 2.45 Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Sirio Belli, Minjung Park, Rebecca L. Davies, J. Trevor Mendel, Benjamin D. Johnson, Charlie Conroy, Chloë Benton, Letizia Bugiani, Razieh Emami, Joel Leja, Yijia Li, Gabriel Maheson, Elijah P. Mathews, Rohan P. Naidu, Erica J. Nelson, Sandro Tacchella, Bryan A. Terrazas, Rainer Weinberger
Large-scale outflows driven by supermassive black holes are thought to play a fundamental role in suppressing star formation in massive galaxies. However, direct observational evidence for this hypothesis is still lacking, particularly in the young universe where star formation quenching is remarkably rapid1–3, thus requiring effective removal of gas4 as opposed to slow gas heating5,6. While outflows
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Dozens of genes are linked to post-traumatic stress disorder Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22
Findings underscore that genetic factors contribute to development of the condition after a traumatic incident.
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Multimodal cell atlas of the ageing human skeletal muscle Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yiwei Lai, Ignacio Ramírez-Pardo, Joan Isern, Juan An, Eusebio Perdiguero, Antonio L. Serrano, Jinxiu Li, Esther García-Domínguez, Jessica Segalés, Pengcheng Guo, Vera Lukesova, Eva Andrés, Jing Zuo, Yue Yuan, Chuanyu Liu, José Viña, Julio Doménech-Fernández, Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera, Yancheng Song, Longqi Liu, Xun Xu, Pura Muñoz-Cánoves, Miguel A. Esteban
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Your perception of time is skewed by what you see Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22
Features of a scene such as size and clutter can affect the brain’s sense of how much time has passed while observing it.
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Daily briefing: Great Barrier Reef is experiencing its worst mass bleaching event on record Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22
Iconic coral reef is ‘transforming’ from repeated bleaching events. Plus, researchers face the possibility of animal consciousness and science explores the neurodiversity of visual imagery.
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How volcanoes shaped our planet — and why we need to be ready for the next big eruption Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22
The world should learn from past disasters and prepare for the effects of future, inevitable volcanic catastrophes, a wide-reaching book teaches us.
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Daily briefing: why queasiness kills hunger Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-19
Feelings of hunger, nausea and fullness seem to be governed by separate brain circuits. Plus, nearly half of China’s major cities are sinking and Jupiter’s moon, Io, is the most volcanically active place in the Solar System.
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Daily briefing: ‘Goldene’ is a gilded cousin of graphene that is one atom thick Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-18
Single-atom-thick sheet of gold is probably the first 2D metal. Plus, some bumblebees can survive up to a week underwater and what crackdowns on smoking and vaping will do for public health.
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Identification of the potassium-binding site in serotonin transporter Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Eva Hellsberg, Danila Boytsov, Qingyang Chen, Marco Niello, Michael Freissmuth, Gary Rudnick, Yuan-Wei Zhang, Walter Sandtner, Lucy R. Forrest
Clearance of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from the synaptic cleft after neuronal signaling is mediated by serotonin transporter (SERT), which couples this process to the movement of a Na + ion down its chemical gradient. After release of 5-HT and Na + into the cytoplasm, the transporter faces a rate-limiting challenge of resetting its conformation to be primed again for 5-HT and Na + binding
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The political fallout of air pollution Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Luna Bellani, Stefano Ceolotto, Benjamin Elsner, Nico Pestel
This paper studies the effect of air pollution on voting outcomes. We use data from 60 federal and state elections in Germany from 2000 to 2018 and exploit plausibly exogenous fluctuations in ambient air pollution within counties across election dates. Higher air pollution on election day shifts votes away from incumbent parties and toward opposition parties. An increase in the concentration of particulate
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c-di-AMP determines the hierarchical organization of bacterial RCK proteins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Rita Rocha, João M. P. Jorge, Celso M. Teixeira-Duarte, Inês R. Figueiredo-Costa, Tatiana B. Cereija, Paula F. Ferreira-Teixeira, Christina Herzberg, Jörg Stülke, João H. Morais-Cabral
In bacteria, intracellular K + is involved in the regulation of membrane potential, cytosolic pH, and cell turgor as well as in spore germination, environmental adaptation, cell-to-cell communication in biofilms, antibiotic sensitivity, and infectivity. The second messenger cyclic-di-AMP (c-di-AMP) has a central role in modulating the intracellular K + concentration in many bacterial species, controlling
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Low-latency gravitational wave alert products and their performance at the time of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Sushant Sharma Chaudhary, Andrew Toivonen, Gaurav Waratkar, Geoffrey Mo, Deep Chatterjee, Sarah Antier, Patrick Brockill, Michael W. Coughlin, Reed Essick, Shaon Ghosh, Soichiro Morisaki, Pratyusava Baral, Amanda Baylor, Naresh Adhikari, Patrick Brady, Gareth Cabourn Davies, Tito Dal Canton, Marco Cavaglia, Jolien Creighton, Sunil Choudhary, Yu-Kuang Chu, Patrick Clearwater, Luke Davis, Thomas Dent
Multimessenger searches for binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers are currently one of the most exciting areas of astronomy. The search for joint electromagnetic and neutrino counterparts to gravitational wave (GW)s has resumed with ALIGO’s, AdVirgo’s and KAGRA’s fourth observing run (O4). To support this effort, public semiautomated data products are sent in near real-time
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Maximum entropy determination of mammalian proteome dynamics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Alexander J. Dear, Gonzalo A. Garcia, Georg Meisl, Galen A. Collins, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, Alfred L. Goldberg
Full understanding of proteostasis and energy utilization in cells will require knowledge of the fraction of cell proteins being degraded with different half-lives and their rates of synthesis. We therefore developed a method to determine such information that combines mathematical analysis of protein degradation kinetics obtained in pulse–chase experiments with Bayesian data fitting using the maximum
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Plasmid partitioning driven by collective migration of ParA between nucleoid lobes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Robin Köhler, Seán M. Murray
The ParABS system is crucial for the faithful segregation and inheritance of many bacterial chromosomes and low-copy-number plasmids. However, despite extensive research, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ATPase ParA and its connection to the dynamics and positioning of the ParB-coated cargo have remained unclear. In this study, we utilize high-throughput imaging, quantitative data analysis, and computational
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Decorin suppresses tumor lymphangiogenesis: A mechanism to curtail cancer progression Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Dipon K. Mondal, Christopher Xie, Gabriel J. Pascal, Simone Buraschi, Renato V. Iozzo
The complex interplay between malignant cells and the cellular and molecular components of the tumor stroma is a key aspect of cancer growth and development. These tumor–host interactions are often affected by soluble bioactive molecules such as proteoglycans. Decorin, an archetypical small leucine-rich proteoglycan primarily expressed by stromal cells, affects cancer growth in its soluble form by
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Organ-delimited gene regulatory networks provide high accuracy in candidate transcription factor selection across diverse processes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Rajeev Ranjan, Sonali Srijan, Somaiah Balekuttira, Tina Agarwal, Melissa Ramey, Madison Dobbins, Rachel Kuhn, Xiaojin Wang, Karen Hudson, Ying Li, Kranthi Varala
Organ-specific gene expression datasets that include hundreds to thousands of experiments allow the reconstruction of organ-level gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, creating such datasets is greatly hampered by the requirements of extensive and tedious manual curation. Here, we trained a supervised classification model that can accurately classify the organ-of-origin for a plant transcriptome
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Out-of-equilibrium interactions and collective locomotion of colloidal spheres with squirming of nematoelastic multipoles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Bohdan Senyuk, Jin-Sheng Wu, Ivan I. Smalyukh
Many living and artificial systems show similar emergent behavior and collective motions on different scales, starting from swarms of bacteria to synthetic active particles, herds of mammals, and crowds of people. What all these systems often have in common is that new collective properties like flocking emerge from interactions between individual self-propelled or driven units. Such systems are naturally
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A mammalian tripartite enhancer cluster controls hypothalamic Pomc expression, food intake, and body weight Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Daniela Rojo, Clara E. Hael, Agustina Soria, Flávio S. J. de Souza, Malcolm J. Low, Lucía F. Franchini, Marcelo Rubinstein
Food intake and energy balance are tightly regulated by a group of hypothalamic arcuate neurons expressing the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene. In mammals, arcuate-specific POMC expression is driven by two cis -acting transcriptional enhancers known as nPE1 and nPE2. Because mutant mice lacking these two enhancers still showed hypothalamic Pomc mRNA, we searched for additional elements contributing
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Thermodynamic crossovers in supercritical fluids Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Xinyang Li, Yuliang Jin
Can liquid-like and gas-like states be distinguished beyond the critical point, where the liquid–gas phase transition no longer exists and conventionally only a single supercritical fluid phase is defined? Recent experiments and simulations report strong evidence of dynamical crossovers above the critical temperature and pressure. Despite using different criteria, many existing theoretical explanations
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Photomolecular effect: Visible light interaction with air–water interface Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Guangxin Lv, Yaodong Tu, James H. Zhang, Gang Chen
Although water is almost transparent to visible light, we demonstrate that the air–water interface interacts strongly with visible light via what we hypothesize as the photomolecular effect. In this effect, transverse-magnetic polarized photons cleave off water clusters from the air–water interface. We use 14 different experiments to demonstrate the existence of this effect and its dependence on the
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The scaffolding protein AKAP12 regulates mRNA localization and translation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Madeleine R. Smith, Parisa Naeli, Seyed M. Jafarnejad, Guilherme Costa
Regulation of subcellular messenger (m)RNA localization is a fundamental biological mechanism, which adds a spatial dimension to the diverse layers of post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The cellular compartment in which mRNAs are located may define distinct aspects of the encoded proteins, ranging from production rate and complex formation to localized activity. Despite the detailed roles
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How ground glass might save crops from drought on a Caribbean island Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22
In Grenada, public-health researcher Lindonne Telesford tests a soil additive made from recycled glass that could help farmers adapt to climate change.
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How to freeze a memory: putting worms on ice stops them forgetting Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22
The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans is quick to forget a notable odour — unless it is chilled or given lithium.
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Will AI accelerate or delay the race to net-zero emissions? Nature (IF 64.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Amy Luers, Jonathan Koomey, Eric Masanet, Owen Gaffney, Felix Creutzig, Juan Lavista Ferres, Eric Horvitz
As artificial intelligence transforms the global economy, researchers need to explore scenarios to assess how it can help, rather than harm, the climate.
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PML::RARA and GATA2 proteins interact via DNA templates to induce aberrant self-renewal in mouse and human hematopoietic cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Casey D. S. Katerndahl, Olivia R. S. Rogers, Ryan B. Day, Ziheng Xu, Nichole M. Helton, Sai Mukund Ramakrishnan, Christopher A. Miller, Timothy J. Ley
The underlying mechanism(s) by which the PML::RARA fusion protein initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia is not yet clear. We defined the genomic binding sites of PML::RARA in primary mouse and human hematopoietic progenitor cells with V5-tagged PML::RARA, using anti-V5-PML::RARA chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and CUT&RUN approaches. Most genomic PML::RARA binding sites were found in regions
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Mortality and morbidity ramifications of proposed retractions in healthcare coverage for the United States Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Abhishek Pandey, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Burton H. Singer, Alison P. Galvani
In the absence of universal healthcare in the United States, federal programs of Medicaid and Medicare are vital to providing healthcare coverage for low-income households and elderly individuals, respectively. However, both programs are under threat, with either enacted or proposed retractions. Specifically, raising Medicare age eligibility and the addition of work requirements for Medicaid qualification
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Observation of negative surface and interface energies of quantum dots Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Jason J. Calvin, Amanda S. Brewer, Michelle F. Crook, Tierni M. Kaufman, A. Paul Alivisatos
Surface energy is a fundamental property of materials and is particularly important in describing nanomaterials where atoms or molecules at the surface constitute a large fraction of the material. Traditionally, surface energy is considered to be a positive quantity, where atoms or molecules at the surface are less thermodynamically stable than their counterparts in the interior of the material because
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Single-molecule tracking reveals dual front door/back door inhibition of Cel7A cellulase by its product cellobiose Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Daguan Nong, Zachary K. Haviland, Nerya Zexer, Sarah A. Pfaff, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Ming Tien, Charles T. Anderson, William O. Hancock
Degrading cellulose is a key step in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. Cellobiose, the disaccharide product of cellulose degradation, has been shown to inhibit cellulase activity, but the mechanisms underlying product inhibition are not clear. We combined single-molecule imaging and biochemical investigations with the goal of revealing the mechanism by which cellobiose inhibits
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Protein engineering a PhotoRNR chimera based on a unifying evolutionary apparatus among the natural classes of ribonucleotide reductases Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 David Y. Song, JoAnne Stubbe, Daniel G. Nocera
Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the de novo transformation of nucleoside 5′-di(tri)phosphates [ND(T)Ps, where N is A, U, C, or G] to their corresponding deoxynucleotides. Despite the diversity of factors required for function and the low sequence conservation across RNRs, a unifying apparatus consolidating RNR activity is explored. We combine aspects of the protein
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Predicting resilience of migratory birds to environmental change Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Simeon Lisovski, Bethany J. Hoye, Jesse R. Conklin, Phil F. Battley, Richard A. Fuller, Ken B. Gosbell, Marcel Klaassen, Chengfa Benjamin Lee, Nicholas J. Murray, Silke Bauer
The pace and scale of environmental change represent major challenges to many organisms. Animals that move long distances, such as migratory birds, are especially vulnerable to change since they need chains of intact habitat along their migratory routes. Estimating the resilience of such species to environmental changes assists in targeting conservation efforts. We developed a migration modeling framework
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Single-chain fluorescent integrators for mapping G-protein-coupled receptor agonists Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Kayla Kroning, Noam Gannot, Xingyu Li, Aubrey Putansu, Guanwei Zhou, Jennifer Sescil, Jiaqi Shen, Avery Wilson, Hailey Fiel, Peng Li, Wenjing Wang
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce the effects of many neuromodulators including dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, acetylcholine, and opioids. The localization of synthetic or endogenous GPCR agonists impacts their action on specific neuronal pathways. In this paper, we show a series of single-protein chain integrator sensors that are highly modular and could potentially be used to determine
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Sustainable, low-cost, high-contrast electrochromic displays via host–guest interactions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yuyang Wang, Chuxin Lei, Weixin Guan, Wen Shi, Ruipeng Shen, Sean Xiao-An Zhang, Guihua Yu
Electrochromic (EC) displays with electronically regulating the transmittance of solar radiation offer the opportunity to increase the energy efficiency of the building and electronic products and improve the comfort and lifestyle of people. Despite the unique merit and vast application potential of EC technologies, long-awaited EC windows and related visual content displays have not been fully commercialized
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Chaotic neural dynamics facilitate probabilistic computations through sampling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yu Terada, Taro Toyoizumi
Cortical neurons exhibit highly variable responses over trials and time. Theoretical works posit that this variability arises potentially from chaotic network dynamics of recurrently connected neurons. Here, we demonstrate that chaotic neural dynamics, formed through synaptic learning, allow networks to perform sensory cue integration in a sampling-based implementation. We show that the emergent chaotic
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Impact of electric vehicle charging demand on power distribution grid congestion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yanning Li, Alan Jenn
California, a pioneer in EV adoption, has enacted ambitious electric vehicle (EV) policies that will generate a large burden on the state’s electric distribution system. We investigate the statewide impact of uncontrolled EV charging on the electric distribution networks at a large scale and high granularity, by employing an EV charging profile projection that combines travel demand model, EV adoption
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Massive seasonal high-altitude migrations of nocturnal insects above the agricultural plains of East China Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Jianrong Huang, Hongqiang Feng, V. Alistair Drake, Don R. Reynolds, Boya Gao, Fajun Chen, Guoyan Zhang, Junsheng Zhu, Yuebo Gao, Baoping Zhai, Guoping Li, Caihong Tian, Bo Huang, Gao Hu, Jason W. Chapman
Long-distance migrations of insects contribute to ecosystem functioning but also have important economic impacts when the migrants are pests or provide ecosystem services. We combined radar monitoring, aerial sampling, and searchlight trapping, to quantify the annual pattern of nocturnal insect migration above the densely populated agricultural lands of East China. A total of ~9.3 trillion nocturnal
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Shifting fire regimes cause continent-wide transformation of threatened species habitat Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Tim S. Doherty, Kristina J. Macdonald, Dale G. Nimmo, Julianna L. Santos, William L. Geary
Human actions are causing widespread increases in fire size, frequency, and severity in diverse ecosystems globally. This alteration of fire regimes is considered a threat to numerous animal species, but empirical evidence of how fire regimes are shifting within both threatened species’ ranges and protected areas is scarce, particularly at large spatial and temporal scales. We used a big data approach
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The first peoples of the Atacama Desert lived among the trees: A 11,600- to 11,200-year-old grove and congregation site Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Paula C. Ugalde, Delphine Joly, Claudio Latorre, Eugenia M. Gayo, Rafael Labarca, Mikhaela Simunovic, Virginia McRostie, Vance T. Holliday, Jay Quade, Calogero M. Santoro
In deserts, water has been singled out as the most important factor for choosing where to settle, but trees were likely an important part of the landscape for hunter-gatherers beyond merely constituting an economic resource. Yet, this critical aspect has not been considered archaeologically. Here, we present the results of mapping and radiocarbon dating of a truly unique archaeological record. Over
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Body mass index–dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Rémi Janet, Jonathan Smallwood, Cendri A. Hutcherson, Hilke Plassmann, Bronte Mckeown, Anita Tusche
Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic
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Impact of repeated blast exposure on active-duty United States Special Operations Forces Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Natalie Gilmore, Chieh-En J. Tseng, Chiara Maffei, Samantha L. Tromly, Katryna B. Deary, Isabella R. McKinney, Jessica N. Kelemen, Brian C. Healy, Collin G. Hu, Gabriel Ramos-Llordén, Maryam Masood, Ryan J. Cali, Jennifer Guo, Heather G. Belanger, Eveline F. Yao, Timothy Baxter, Bruce Fischl, Andrea S. Foulkes, Jonathan R. Polimeni, Bruce R. Rosen, Daniel P. Perl, Jacob M. Hooker, Nicole R. Zürcher
United States (US) Special Operations Forces (SOF) are frequently exposed to explosive blasts in training and combat, but the effects of repeated blast exposure (RBE) on SOF brain health are incompletely understood. Furthermore, there is no diagnostic test to detect brain injury from RBE. As a result, SOF personnel may experience cognitive, physical, and psychological symptoms for which the cause is
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Sirt2 inhibition improves gut epithelial barrier integrity and protects mice from colitis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Dan Hou, Tao Yu, Xuan Lu, Jun Young Hong, Min Yang, Yanlin Zi, Thanh Tu Ho, Hening Lin
Sirt2 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + )-dependent protein lysine deacylase that can remove both acetyl group and long-chain fatty acyl groups from lysine residues of many proteins. It was reported to affect inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms in a mouse model. However, conflicting roles were reported, with genetic knockout aggravating while pharmacological inhibition alleviating
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Individual transcription factors modulate both the micromovement of chromatin and its long-range structure Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Haitham A. Shaban, Elias T. Friman, Cédric Deluz, Armelle Tollenaere, Natalya Katanayeva, David M. Suter
The control of eukaryotic gene expression is intimately connected to highly dynamic chromatin structures. Gene regulation relies on activator and repressor transcription factors (TFs) that induce local chromatin opening and closing. However, it is unclear how nucleus-wide chromatin organization responds dynamically to the activity of specific TFs. Here, we examined how two TFs with opposite effects