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Bioactive metabolites of Asparagopsis stabilized in canola oil completely suppresses methane emissions in beef cattle fed a feedlot diet J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Frances C Cowley, Robert D Kinley, Sigrid L Mackenzie, Marina R S Fortes, Chiara Palmieri, Gamaliel Simanungkalit, Amelia K Almeida, Breanna M Roque
Asparagopsis taxiformis (Asparagopsis) has been shown to be highly efficacious at inhibiting the production of methane (CH4) in ruminants. To date, Asparagopsis has been primarily produced as a dietary supplement by freeze-drying to retain the volatile bioactive compound bromoform (CHBr3) in the product. Steeping of Asparagopsis bioactive compounds into a vegetable oil carrier (Asp-Oil) is an alternative
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Effects of dietary iron supplementation on reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 W Y Xiong, J W Nie, J X Luo, K D Ma, Z J Cui, H X Ye, C Q Tan, Y L Yin
This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary iron supplementation from different sources on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of piglets. A total of 87 sows with similar farrowing time were blocked by body weight at day 85 of gestation, and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments (n=29 per treatment): basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 0.2% ferrous sulfate
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Dietary monoglyceride supplementation to support intestinal integrity and host defenses in health-challenged weanling pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Cameron S White, Chien-Che Hung, Saraswathi Lanka, Carol W Maddox, Adriana Barri, Adebayo O Sokale, Ryan N Dilger
Frequent incidence of post-weaning enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea in the swine industry contributes to high mortality rates and associated economic losses. In this study, a combination of butyric, caprylic, and capric fatty acid monoglycerides was investigated to promote intestinal integrity and host defenses in weanling pigs infected with ETEC. A total of 160 pigs were allotted to
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Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in Chinese fermented soybean meal from different sources fed to mid and late-gestating sows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Guowei Li, Ya Wang, Junhao Zhang, Shengyu Xu, Yan Lin, Lun Hua, Jian Li, Bin Feng, Zhengfeng Fang, Xuemei Jiang, Yong Zhuo, Lianqiang Che, De Wu
We determined apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in fermented soybean meal from five different sources (FSBM 1 to 5) in China when fed to mid and late-gestating sows. Twenty-four parity four sows (12 at 30 d in gestation and 12 at 80 d in gestation) were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and used
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How do grazing beef and dairy cattle respond to virtual fences? A review J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Lisa Wilms, Martin Komainda, Dina Hamidi, Friederike Riesch, Juliane Horn, Johannes Isselstein
Virtual fencing (VF) is a modern fencing technology that requires the animal to wear a device (e.g. a collar) that emits acoustic signals to replace the visual cue of traditional physical fences (PF) and, if necessary, mild electric signals. The use of devices that provide electric signals leads to concerns regarding the welfare of virtually fenced animals. The objective of this review is to give an
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The Inflammatory Injury of Porcine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells Induced by Deoxynivalenol is Related to the Decrease of Glucose Transport J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Xiaopeng Tang, Yan Zeng, Kangning Xiong, Meijun Li
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) stimulation on inflammatory injury and the expression of the glucose transporters sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter protein 2 (GLU2) in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Additionally, the study aimed to provide initial insights into the connection between the expression
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Trace mineral source and chromium propionate supplementation affect performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Jerry W Spears, Huey Yi Loh, Karen E Lloyd, Jeff S Heldt, Terry E Engle
Angus-crossbred steers (n = 400; 369.7 ± 7.6 kg) were used to determine the influence of trace mineral (TM) source and chromium propionate (Cr Prop) supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal and plasma variables in finishing steers. Steers were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned within block to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with factors being:
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Impact of deoxynivalenol in a calcium depletion and repletion nutritional strategy in piglets J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-13 Béatrice Sauvé, Frédéric Guay, Marie-Pierre Létourneau Montminy
This study evaluated the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) levels and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination on Ca and phosphorus (P) utilization and bone mineralization in piglets. During an initial 13-day depletion phase, 64 piglets (15.7±0.7 kg) received a control (DON−) or DON-contaminated treatment (DON+, 2.7 mg DON/kg) with either a low Ca (Ca−, 0.39%) or normal Ca level (Ca+, 0.65%) with a constant
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Pleomorphic adenoma gene (PLAG1) in reproduction and implication for embryonic survival in cattle: A review J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Michael J D’Occhio, Giuseppe Campanile, Pietro S Baruselli, Laercio R Porto Neto, Ben J Hayes, Alf Collins, Marina R S Fortes
The pleomorphic adenoma gene (PLAG1) encodes a DNA-binding, C2H2 zinc finger protein which acts as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of diverse genes across different organs and tissues; hence, the name pleomorphic. Rearrangements of the PLAG1 gene, and/or overexpression, are associated with benign tumors and cancers in a variety of tissues. This is best described for pleomorphic
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An efficient segmentation model for abnormal chicken droppings recognition based on improved deep dual-resolution network J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Pengguang He, Rui Wu, Da Liu, Jun Dou, Khawar Hayat, Dongmei Shang, Jinming Pan, Hongjian Lin
The characteristics of chicken droppings are closely linked to their health status. In prior studies, chicken droppings recognition is treated as an object detection task, leading to challenges in labeling and missed detection due to the diverse shapes, overlapping boundaries, and dense distribution of chicken droppings. Additionally, the use of intelligent monitoring equipment equipped with edge devices
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Effects of diets supplemented with bioactive peptides on nutrient digestibility, immune cell responsiveness, and fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites of adult cats J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Patrícia M Oba, Vanessa M De La Guardia Hidrogo, Janelle Kelly, Jennifer Saunders-Blades, Andrew J Steelman, Kelly S Swanson
Bioactive peptides (BP) are recognized for their ability to function as antioxidants and maintain lipid stability. They may have positive health effects, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, osteoprotective, gut health and immunomodulatory properties, but are poorly tested in cats. Our primary objective was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of BP-containing
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Effects of dietary forage neutral detergent fiber and rumen degradable starch ratios on chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, ruminal microbes and nutrient digestibility of Hu sheep fed a pelleted total mixed ration J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Zhian Zhang, Li Wang, Qinwu Li, Fei Li, Zhiyuan Ma, Fadi Li, Zongli Wang, Liang Chen, Xu Yang, Xinji Wang, Guo Yang
Pelleted total mixed ration (P-TMR) feeding, which has become a common practice in providing nutrition for fattening sheep, requires careful consideration of the balance between forage neutral detergent fiber (FNDF) and rumen degradable starch (RDS) to maintain proper rumen functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the dietary FNDF/RDS ratio (FRR) on chewing activity, ruminal
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Sow Serenity: Automatic Long-Term Measurement of Lying Behavior in Crates and Free Farrowing Pens Using 3D Accelerometers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Maximilian Knoll, Lorenz Gygax, Edna Hillmann
Accelerometers are useful in analyzing lying behavior in farm animals. The effect of the farrowing system on sow lying behavior has been studied around parturition, but not long-term. In a natural environment, sows increase activity 14 days post parturition, which we expected to be also evident in housed sows when they can move freely. The objective of this study was i) to validate the methodology
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Temporal dynamics of genetic parameters and SNP effects for performance and disorder traits in poultry undergoing genomic selection J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Jennifer Richter, Jorge Hidalgo, Fernando Bussiman, Vivian Breen, Ignacy Misztal, Daniela Lourenco
Accurate genetic parameters are crucial for predicting breeding values and selection responses in breeding programs. Genetic parameters change with selection, reducing additive genetic variance and changing genetic correlations. This study investigates the dynamic changes in genetic parameters for residual feed intake (RFI), gain (GAIN), breast percentage (BP), and femoral head necrosis (FHN) in a
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Technical note: Utilization of various allotment strategies to evaluate variation and replications required to detect statistical significance in nursery pig research J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Abigail K Jenkins, Jenna J Bromm, Jordan T Gebhardt, Jason C Woodworth, Robert D Goodband, Mike D Tokach, Joel M DeRouchey
A total of 720 barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA Genetics) were used in two 42-d nursery trials (initially 6.20 ± 0.12 kg and 5.63 ± 0.16 kg, respectively) to evaluate strategies for allotting pigs to pens in randomized controlled trials. At placement, the population was split into 3 cohorts with similar average weight and standard deviation and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 allotment strategies. Strategy
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The recipient metabolome explains the asymmetric ovarian impact on fetal sex development after embryo transfer in cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Isabel Gimeno, Pascal Salvetti, Susana Carrocera, Julie Gatien, Daniel Le Bourhis, Enrique Gómez
In cattle, lateral asymmetry affects ovarian function and embryonic sex, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The plasma metabolome of recipients serves to predict pregnancy after embryo transfer (ET). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the plasma metabolome exhibits distinct lateral patterns according to the sex of the fetus carried by the recipient and the active
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Short communication: A novel multispecies bacteria-based direct-fed microbial supports in vitro gut barrier integrity challenged with a pathogen or pro-inflammatory cytokines J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Erik J Boll, Giuseppe Copani, Bruno I Cappellozza
We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of a novel bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on intestinal barrier integrity using the in vitro transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay. In experiment 1, human-derived Caco-2 cells received or not (CON) a DFM containing Ligilactobacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) animalis 506, Propionibacterium freudenreichii 507, Bacillus paralicheniformis
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MiRNA-21-5p induces chicken hepatic lipogenesis by targeting NFIB and KLF3 to suppress the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Yamei Wu, Jing Zhao, Can Cui, Yao Zhang, Qing Zhu, Shunshun Han, Chaowu Yang, Huadong Yin
The liver plays a critical role in metabolic activity and is the body's first immune barrier, and maintaining liver health is particularly important for poultry production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a wide range of biological activities due to their capacity as posttranscriptional regulatory elements. A growing body of research indicates that miR-21-5p plays a vital role as a modulator of
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Diagnostic survey of analytical methods used to determine bone mineralization in pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Hadley R Williams, Mike D Tokach, Jason C Woodworth, Joel M DeRouchey, Robert D Goodband, Jon R Bergstrom, Michael C Rahe, Christopher L Siepker, Panchan Sitthicharoenchai, Steve M Ensley, Scott L Radke, Jordan T Gebhardt
Pigs from 64 commercial sites across 14 production systems in the Midwest US were evaluated for baseline biological measurements used to determine bone mineralization. There were 3 pigs selected from each commercial site representing: 1) a clinically normal pig (healthy), 2) a pig with evidence of clinical lameness (lame), and 3) a pig from a hospital pen that was assumed to have recent low feed intake
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The standardized ileal digestible lysine-to-net energy ratio in the diets of sows to optimize milk nitrogen retention is dynamic during lactation J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Madelaine C Watzeck, Lee-Anne Huber
Fifty-two multiparous sows (average parity 3.1 ± 0.9 and initial BW 245.6 ± 32.5 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys-to-net energy (NE) ratios on nitrogen (N) utilization throughout a 24-day lactation period. Sows were randomly assigned to one of five isoenergetic feeding programs that provided equally spaced and increasing SID Lys-to-NE ratios between
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Characterizing sow feed intake during lactation to explain litter and subsequent farrowing performance J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jorge Estrada, Danielle C Johnson, Kelsey L Kyle, Jeremy Perez, Eric Parr, Michael W Welch, Casey Neill, Beau A Peterson, Dustin D Boler
Variation in feed intake results in nearly 20% of sows consuming less than the recommended lysine (Lys) intake for lactating sows. The Lys requirement for lactating sows is based on litter size and piglet average daily gain which influences milk production. Litter size continues to increase every year causing the need for routine reevaluation of nutrient requirements. If dietary inclusion levels are
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Processing of Corn-based Dog Foods through Pelleting, Baking and Extrusion and Their Effect on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Colonic Health of Adult Dogs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Isabella Corsato Alvarenga, Ryan Lierz, Youhan Chen, Andrea Lu, Nanyan Lu, Charles G Aldrich
Different food processing parameters may alter starch granule structure and its cooking degree. With lower thermomechanical energy, more resistant starch (RS) is retained in the food, which may benefit gastrointestinal (GI) health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of food processing on dietary utilization and dog gut health. Experimental diets containing 56% corn as the sole
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mRNA-Seq of testis and liver tissues reveals a testis-specific gene and alternative splicing associated with hybrid male sterility in dzo J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Rui Hong, Jiaxin Wu, Xining Chen, Zhenghao Zhang, Xinyue Liu, Meichen Li, Fuyuan Zuo, Gong-Wei Zhang
Alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in the co-transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during mammalian spermatogenesis. The dzo is the male F1 offspring of an interspecific hybrid between a domestic bull (Bos taurus ♂) and a yak (Bos grunniens ♀) which exhibits male sterility. This study aimed to identify the testis-specific genes and AS associated with hybrid
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Genomic regions and biological pathways associated with sex-limited reproductive traits in bovine species J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Babatunde S Olasege, Zhen Yin Oh, Muhammad S Tahir, Laercio R Porto-Neto, Ben J Hayes, Marina R S Fortes
Many animal species exhibit sex-limited traits, where certain phenotypes are exclusively expressed in one sex. Yet, the genomic regions that contribute to these sex-limited traits in males and females remain a subject of debate. Reproductive traits are ideal phenotypes to study sexual differences since they are mostly expressed in a sex-limited way. Therefore, this study aims to use local correlation
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Influence of low-level tannin supplementation on comparative growth-performance of Holstein and Angus x Holstein cross calf-fed concentrate-based finishing diets for 328 days J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Pedro H V Carvalho, Brooke C Latack, Marcos V C Ferraz, Lester J R P Nolasco, Willi R Meireles, Heitor O M Oliveira, Richard A Zinn
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of tannin and monensin supplementation in feedlot diets and breed (Holstein vs. Angus × Holstein) on growth performance, energetic efficiency, and carcass characteristics. Eighty purebred Holstein calves (HOL; initial body weight (BW) = 130 ± 5 kg) and eighty Angus × Holstein calves (AXH; initial BW = 129 ± 6 kg) were blocked by initial
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Effects of Different Supplemental Levels of Protease DE200 on the Production Performance, Egg Quality and Cecum Microflora of Laying Hens J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Peiran Cai, Shiqi Liu, Yuang Tu, Dabo Fu, Wei Zhang, Xixi Zhang, Ying Zhou, Tizhong Shan
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the protease DE200TM on the performance, egg quality, organ index and cecum microflora of Hy-line W36 laying hens. In this experiment, a total of 180 laying hens aged 300 days were randomly divided into three treatment groups and fed diets containing 0, 100 or 200 g/t DE200. The experimental period was eight weeks, including two weeks
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HEADING: 5-hydroxytryphophan mitigates ergot alkaloid J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-23 Eriton E L Valente, James L Klotz, Ryana C Markmann, J Lannett Edwards, David L Harmon
The impact of ergot toxicosis on livestock industries is detrimental and treatments are needed in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of acute exposure to ergot alkaloids and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) supplementation on feed intake, serotonin metabolism and blood metabolites in cattle. Eight Holstein steers (538 ± 18 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a
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Optimal protein concentration in diets for sows during the transition period J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Jakob C Johannsen, Martin T Sørensen, Peter K Theil, Thomas S Bruun, Chantal Farmer, Takele Feyera
The aim of present study was to determine the optimal concentration of dietary protein required in transition diets for multiparous sows that enhance the farrowing process, colostrum production, and subsequent lactation performance. Forty-eight multiparous sows were allotted to one of six dietary treatments according to bodyweight (290 ± 3 kg) and parity (3.8 ± 0.2) from d 108 of gestation until 24
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Effects of heating soybeans on postruminal amino acid bioavailability, performance, and ruminal fermentation in lactating cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 E A Petzel, S Acharya, E C Titgemeyer, E A Bailey, D W Brake
Soybeans can provide ruminally degradable protein, lipid and metabolizable amino acid (AA) to lactating dairy cows; however, soy-based trypsin inhibitors can limit protein digestion in nonruminants. Eight ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows were used to evaluate the impacts of soy-based trypsin inhibitors on nutrient disappearance, lactation, and plasma AA bioavailability. Treatments were
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Improving Feed Intake and Rumen Fermentation in Lambs Using Mixed-Dimensional Attapulgite Clay to Adsorb Naturally-Occurring Mycotoxins J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Liang Chen, Fei Li, Zhiyuan Ma, Aiqin Wang, Yuru Kang, Baocang Liu, Hui Xu, Jiandong Li, Xinji Wang, Kaidong Li
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of including a mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay (MDA) into a naturally moldly diet for Hu lambs. Fifty male Hu lambs with similar initial body weight (28.24 ± 1.80 kg) were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments: a basal diet containing naturally occurring mycotoxins with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg/t MDA, and basal diet with a commercial
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Effects of dietary protein level on intestinal function and inflammation in nursery pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Sarah C Pearce, Mitchell J Nisley, Brian J Kerr, Chris Sparks, Nicholas K Gabler
High crude protein (CP; 21-26%) diets fed during the first 21 to 28 d post-weaning are viewed negatively because of a perceived increase in the incidence rates of diarrhea due to increased intestinal protein fermentation and/or augmented enteric pathogen burden. This is thought to antagonize nursery pig health and growth performance. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of low vs. high
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Magnitude and persistence of higher estrus associated temperatures in beef heifers and suckled cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Megan D Mills, Abigayle B Pollock, Ian E Batey, Michael A O’Neil, F Neal Schrick, Rebecca R Payton, Sarah E Moorey, Pablo Fioravanti, Will Hipsher, Saulo M Zoca, J Lannett Edwards
Higher estrus associated temperatures (HEAT) are a hallmark feature in sexually active females. The overarching aim of this study was to characterize the variability, magnitude, and persistence of HEAT in heifers and suckled beef cows as well as identify associated factors when occurring during thermoneutral conditions at the onset of the spring breeding season. In both heifers and cows, estrus was
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L-DOPA attenuates the feed intake reduction caused by ergot alkaloids in cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Eriton E L Valente, James L Klotz, Ryana C Markmann, Ronald J Trotta, J Lannett Edwards, John B May, David L Harmon
Consumption of ergot alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue results in losses to the livestock industry in many countries and a means to mitigate these losses is needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate intra-abomasal infusion of the dopamine precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA), on dopamine metabolism, feed intake, and serum metabolites of steers exposed to ergot alkaloids. Twelve Holstein
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The Effects of Including Sprouted Barley with Alfalfa Hay in the Diet on Ruminal Health and Performance of Cow-Calf Pairs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Zachary Cal Crump, Anthony Fernando Alberto, Bailee Lynn Brown, Bryce Wayne Roholt, Lillian Lelehua Okamoto, Mia Lynn Sego, Ryan Arthur Spurling, Robert Edward Ward, Brady Morris Blackett, Robert Lynn Harding, Sanjeewa Dilshan Ranathunga, Kara Jean Thornton
The world population is growing exponentially, increasing demand to produce high-quality protein for human consumption. Changes in weather patterns, drought, and decreased land resources due to urbanization have increased strain on the agriculture sector to meet world demands. An alternative method to combat these issues and continue to produce high-quality livestock feed would be through a controlled
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Sustainable Pig Diets: Partial Grain Replacement with Former Food Products and its impact on Meat Quality J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Marco Tretola, Sharon Mazzoleni, Paolo Silacci, Sébastien Dubois, Cristina Proserpio, Ella Pagliarini, Cristian EM Bernardi, Luciano Pinotti, Giuseppe Bee
This study investigated the effects of salty and sugary Former Foodstuff Products (FFPs) on the quality traits and meat composition of 36 male castrated pigs (Swiss Large White breed) as well as sensory characteristics of the loins. The animals were fed three different diets for both the growing (G) and finishing (F) phases: (1) a standard diet (ST), 0% FFPs; (2) a diet with 30% of sugary FFPs (e.g
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Genetic parameters for carcass traits of progeny of beef bulls mated to dairy cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 John W Keele, Blake A Foraker, Ryan Boldt, Chip Kemp, Larry A Kuehn, Dale R Woerner
Beef × dairy crossbred cattle (n=615) were used to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest indicator traits and genotypes on accuracy of estimated breeding values (EBV) of seedstock candidates for selection. Genotypes for 100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were provided by the American Simmental Association of purebred and crossbred seedstock animals (n=2,632). Five hundred ninety-five of the
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Parental betaine supplementation promotes gosling growth with epigenetic modulation of IGF gene family in the liver J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Shuai Ma, Yan Wang, Liang Chen, Wenzheng Wang, Xinjuan Zhuang, Yuelong Liu, Ruqian Zhao
Betaine is widely used as a feed additive in the chicken industry to promote laying performance and growth performance, yet it is unknown whether betaine can be used in geese to improve the laying performance of goose breeders and the growth traits of offspring goslings. In this study, laying goose breeders at 39 weeks of age were fed basal (Control, CON) or betaine-supplemented diets at low (2.5 g/kg
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Calcium trafficking and gastrointestinal physiology following an acute lipopolysaccharide challenge in pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 J Opgenorth, E J Mayorga, M A Abeyta, B M Goetz, S Rodriguez-Jimenez, A D Freestone, C H Stahl, L H Baumgard
The influence of systemic immune activation on whole-body Ca trafficking and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiology are not clear. Thus, study objectives were to characterize the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Ca pools and GIT dynamics to increase understanding of immune-induced hypocalcemia, ileus and stomach hemorrhaging. Twelve crossbred pigs [44 ± 3 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned
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Feather meal processing methods impact the production parameters, blood biochemical indices, gut function, and hepatic enzyme activity in broilers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Hassan Safari, Ardeshir Mohit, Maziar Mohiti-Asli
This study investigated the effects of feather meal (FM) processing methods on production parameters, blood biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, digestive and hepatic enzyme activities, and gastrointestinal tract pH and microflora of broilers. A total of 480-day-old male broilers were used for 42 days in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and five replicates (12 chicks/replicate)
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Genetic parameters for yearling male reproduction traits in tropical composite cattle population J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Madeliene L Facy, Michelle L Hebart, Helena Oakey, Rudi A McEwin, Wayne S Pitchford
Fertility is economically important but is hard to quantify and measure in breeding programs which has led extensive breeding programs to ignore fertility in their selection criteria. While female fertility traits have been extensively researched, male fertility traits have been largely ignored. It is estimated that 20 to 40% of bulls have sub-fertility, reducing the number of calves born and profits
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Lightweight model-based sheep face recognition via face image recording channel J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Xiwen Zhang, Chuanzhong Xuan, Yanhua Ma, Haiyang Liu, Jing Xue
The accurate identification of individual sheep is a crucial prerequisite for establishing digital sheep farms and precision livestock farming. Currently, deep learning technology provides an efficient and non-contact method for sheep identity recognition. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be used to learn features of sheep faces to determine their corresponding identities. However
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Effects of a novel dental chew on oral health outcomes, halitosis, and microbiota of adult dogs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Patricia M Oba, Kelly M Sieja, Amy Schauwecker, Amy J Somrak, Teodora S Hristova, Stephanie C J Keating, Kelly S Swanson
Halitosis in dogs is an initial indication of periodontitis, highlighting its significance as a vital marker for underlying problems. Moreover, the oral microbial population has a significant influence on periodontal disease. Measuring the oral microbiota may be used in addition to breath odor, dental plaque, and gingivitis scoring to assess the impact of dental chews on oral health. In this study
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Efficacy of a novel multi-enzyme feed additive on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiome of weanling pigs fed corn-wheat or wheat-barley based diet J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Ayodeji S Aderibigbe, Chan Sol Park, Timothy Johnson, Deepak E Velayudhan, Ester Vinyeta, Olayiwola Adeola
One-hundred-and-ninety-two weanling pigs (6.7 kg BW) were used to evaluate the impact of a carbohydrases-protease enzyme complex (CPEC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiome. Pigs were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 42 d according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diet type [low fiber (LF) or high fiber (HF)] and CPEC supplementation (0 or 170 mg/kg diet). The
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Impacts of preweaning colostrum feeding practices and health measures on dairy cow production, while accounting for genetic potential J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Elizah D McFarland, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Christine F Baes, Henrik Stryhn, Gregory Keefe, J T McClure
Calf management and health are essential for setting up the foundation of a productive cow. The objectives of this study were to estimate the impact of preweaning practices on milk production parameters while accounting for an animal’s genetic potential in New Brunswick, Canada. A retrospective cohort study was performed on 220 heifer calves from eight herds born in 2014-2015. Preweaning practices
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The influence of steroidal implants and manganese sulfate supplementation on growth performance, trace mineral status, hepatic gene expression, hepatic enzyme activity, and circulating metabolites in feedlot steers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Dathan T Smerchek, Emma L Rients, Amy M McLaughlin, Jacob A Henderson, Brock M Ortner, Kara J Thornton, Stephanie L Hansen
Angus-cross steers (n = 144; 359 kg ± 13.4) were used to assess the effect of dietary Mn and steroidal implants on performance, TM status, hepatic enzyme activity, hepatic gene expression, and serum metabolites. Steers (n = 6/pen) were stratified by BW in a 3 × 2 factorial. GrowSafe bunks recorded individual feed intake (experimental unit = steer; n = 24/treatment). Dietary treatments included (MANG;
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Development of an Experimental Model for Liver Abscess Induction in Holstein Steers Using an Acidotic Diet Challenge and Bacterial Inoculation J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Zach S McDaniel, Kristin E Hales, Harith Salih, Alyssa Deters, Xiaorong Shi, T G Nagaraja, Ty E Lawrence, Travis C Tennant, Raghavendra G Amachawadi, Jeff A Carroll, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Michael L Galyean, Taylor M Smock, Michael A Ballou, Vinicius S Machado, Emily Davis, Paul R Broadway
Holstein steers (n = 40; initial BW = 84.9 ± 7.1 kg) were used to study the genesis of liver abscesses (LA) using an acidotic diet challenge with or without intraruminal bacterial inoculation. Steers were housed in individual pens inside a barn and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) low-starch control diet comprised primarily of dry-rolled corn and wet corn gluten feed (CON); 2) high-starch
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A comparative analysis of GIT barrier function and immune markers in gilt vs sow progeny at birth and weaning J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Udani A Wijesiriwardana, John R Pluske, Jessica R Craig, John B Furness, Mitchell Ringuet, Linda J Fothergill, Frank R Dunshea, Jeremy J Cottrell
Progeny born to primiparous sows (gilt progeny; GP) have lower birth, weaning and slaughter weights than sow progeny (SP). GP also have reduced gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, as evidenced by lower organ weights. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to quantify changes in GIT barrier function that occur birth and weaning, representing two major challenges to the young piglet. The effects
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Effect of continuous or intermittent feeding of ergot contaminated grain in a mash or pelleted form on the performance and health of feedlot beef steers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 M R Reynolds, K Stanford, D M Meléndez, K S Schwartzkopf-Genswein, T A McAllister, B R Blakley, J J McKinnon, G O Ribeiro
This study evaluated the effect of feeding ergot contaminated grain continuously or intermittently through backgrounding (BG) and finishing (FN) in a mash or pelleted supplement on the growth performance, health and welfare parameters, and carcass characteristics of feedlot beef steers. Sixty black Angus steers (300 ±29.4 kg BW) were used in a complete randomized 238-d study. Steers were stratified
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The effects of hydrolyzed protein on macronutrient digestibility, fecal metabolites and microbiota, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, and skin and coat quality in adult dogs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Clare Hsu, Fabio Marx, Ryan Guldenpfennig, Negin Valizadegan, Maria R C de Godoy
Research on protein hydrolysates has observed various properties and functionalities on ingredients depending on the type of hydrolysate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed chicken protein that was incorporated into diets on digestibility, gut health, skin and coat health, oxidative stress, and intestinal inflammation markers in healthy adult dogs. Five complete and
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Identification and characterization of unknown disturbances in a structured population using high-throughput phenotyping data and measurement of robustness: application to growing pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Vincent Le, Tom Rohmer, Ingrid David
Improving the robustness of animals has become a priority in breeding due to climate change, new societal demands and the agroecological transition. Components of animal robustness can be extracted from the analysis of the adaptive response of an animal to disturbance using longitudinal data. Nonetheless, this response is a function of animal robustness as well as of disturbance characteristics (intensity
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Maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation improves offspring performance and metabolism in beef cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Karolina B Nascimento, Matheus C Galvão, Javier A M Meneses, German D Ramírez-Zamudio, Douglas G Pereira, Pedro V R Paulino, Daniel R Casagrande, Tathyane R S Gionbelli, Marcio M Ladeira, Marcio S Duarte, Juan J Loor, Mateus P Gionbelli
This study examined the impact of maternal protein supplementation during mid-gestation on offspring, considering potential sex-related effects. Forty-three pregnant purebred Tabapuã beef cows (20 female; 23 male fetuses) were collectively managed in a pasture until 100 days of gestation. From 100 to 200 days of gestation, they were randomly assigned to the Restricted group [(RES) - basal diet (75%
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88 Impacts of trace mineral source and ancillary drench on steer performance during a 60-day backgrounding phase J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Madeline McKnight, Kelsey M Harvey, Brandi B Karisch, Juan C Cordero, Mason Drewery, Libby S Durst, Eduardo Colombo, Reinaldo F Cooke, Jason R Russell
This experiment evaluated the impacts of supplementing organic complexed Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn on productive and health responses of high-risk beef cattle during a 60-d backgrounding phase. Crossbred steers (n = 120) were purchased at auction and transported to the experimental facility. Steer BW was recorded at arrival (d -1; initial shrunk BW = 227.7 ± 1.3 kg). On d 0, steers were ranked by BW and allocated
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136 Evaluation of internal parasite burden in grazing beef cattle in North Carolina over a production lifecycle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Katherine G Williams, Carrie L Pickworth, Andrew R Weaver, Daniel H Poole
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite infections can be detrimental to not only cattle health and immunity, but also result in economic loss and poor performance. Cattle grazing in the southeast are challenged even further by the favorable environmental conditions for parasite development, especially those animals who have yet to develop an immunity to combat parasitism. To diminish potential economic
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72 Comparison of Myotonic, Kiko, and Spanish Sires for Meat Goat Doe-Kid Traits J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Emily G Hayes, Heather Meador, Richard Browning
Myotonic goats are a small-framed heritage breed known for the condition myotonia congenita which causes a prolonged contraction of their muscles when startled. There is a potential for them to be utilized in commercial meat goat systems within the United States. This study evaluated the effect of Myotonic sires on kid preweaning and doe reproductive traits across a 2-yr period. Myotonic (n = 6) and
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144 Utilizing invasive pigweed (Amaranthus Spinosus) as a novel methane mitigation strategy in beef cattle feed: A sustainable approach J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Wilmer Cuervo, Camila Gomez, Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino, Araceli B Maderal, Federico Tarnonsky, Cristian Erazo-Mendes, Tessa M Schulmeister, Nicolas DiLorenzo
By 2050, the US beef industry must produce an extra 40 million tons of beef to satisfy the global demand, while reducing methane (CH4) emissions. This surplus of cattle will be provided mostly by cow-calf operations, which rely primarily on grazing. Those pastures are often infested with weeds such as pigweed (Amaranthus spinosus), one of the most invasive in the US, known for its increased polyphenols
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4 Utilizing SmartFeed Pro and SuperSmart Feeders for applied beef cattle research J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Timothy DelCurto, Sam Wyffels
Designing research for applied beef cattle production systems has always presented challenges for Land Grant University and USDA Scientist. Specifically, creating study designs that have enough replication for statistical inference has often prompted scientists to use designs that do not closely replicate actual production systems. Past research has often used multiple replications (pens/paddocks/pastures)
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131 Selenium-form effects on hepatic function and selenoprotein mRNAs in the early pregnant heifer J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Jordan Jackson, Elizabeth Stamper, Benjamin Crites, Kwangwon Son, Sarah Carr, Phillip Bridges
Selenium (Se) is an integral component of selenoproteins, with effective scavenging of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) by selenoproteins necessary to protect cells from oxidative stress. Due to the presence of Se-deficient soils in large portions of the US, including the southeast cow-calf producing states, grazed forages are insufficient in this trace mineral and dietary supplementation is recommended
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28 Investigating the effects of Chromium Propionate supplementation on reproductive performance of beef cows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Trinity Vidlund, Hannah Craun, Camille Mitchell, John Currin, Jamie L Stewart, Sherrie Clark, Tracey Redifer, Vitor R G Mercadante
The objective of this study was to explore the effects on reproductive performance of beef cows supplemented with Chromium Propionate during the post-partum and breeding periods. A total of 955 multiparous suckled beef cows located at eight locations were enrolled in the study. Within location cows were stratified based on parity, body condition score (BCS), and days postpartum (DPP) and randomly assigned
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121 Unraveling the biology of bovine conceptus elongation J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Gabriela Lamberti, Anna K Goldkamp, Maria Lopes, Nicole Bonmann, Samuel Van Rhijn, Darren E Hagen, Joao Moraes
The establishment of pregnancy is a well-regulated process that involves the development of a viable blastocyst, conceptus elongation, maternal recognition of pregnancy, implantation, and the onset of placentation. Pregnancy loss is a major factor limiting reproductive efficiency in livestock species. In cattle, most embryonic losses occur during the first month of gestation. The genetic and epigenetic
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107 Bacterial direct-fed microbial mixtures effects on beef cattle ruminal degradability kinetics J. Anim. Sci. (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DeAnja A McLain, Jhones O Sarturi, Kaliu G Silva, Bradley J Johnson, Barbara Rodrigues, Marie Goulais, Juliana Pessoni, Beatriz Reis
The effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) mixtures on beef cattle ruminal degradability were evaluated. Six ruminally cannulated beef steers (BW = 520 ± 30 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design and offered a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet to ad libitum intake during three, 28-d periods. Treatments were: 1) Control (no DFM, lactose carrier only); 2) Treat-A (L. animalis