The field of nanopore sensing at the single‐molecular level is in a “boom” period. Such nanopores, which are either composed of biological materials or are fabricated from solid‐state substrates, offer a unique confined space that is compatible with the single‐molecular scale. Under the influence of an electrical field, such single‐biomolecular interfaces can read single‐molecular information and, if appropriately fine‐tuned, each molecule plays its individual ionic rhythm to compose a “molecular symphony”. Over the past few decades, many research groups have worked on nanopore‐based single‐molecular sensors for a range of thrilling chemical and clinical applications. Furthermore, for the past decade, we have also focused on nanopore‐based sensors. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent developments in fundamental research and applications in this area, along with data algorithms and advances in hardware, which act as infrastructure for the electrochemical analysis.

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基于纳米孔的单分子分析密闭空间

单分子水平的纳米孔传感领域处于“繁荣”时期。这种由生物材料组成或由固态基质制成的纳米孔，提供了与单分子规模兼容的独特密闭空间。在电场的影响下，此类单生物分子界面可以读取单分子信息，并且如果进行了适当的微调，则每个分子都将发挥各自的离子节律，从而构成“分子交响曲”。在过去的几十年中，许多研究小组致力于基于纳米孔的单分子传感器的研究，这些传感器可用于一系列激动人心的化学和临床应用。此外，在过去的十年中，我们还专注于基于纳米孔的传感器。在此Minireview中，