Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) has gained much popularity over the last decade as a preferred nanomaterial in varied applications, despite its laborious industrial production and higher cost. Its production methods have undergone a great deal of metamorphosis lately. The main emphasis has been on the environment-friendly and green processes, in addition to the sustainable and renewable feedstock. Globally, the researchers have explored biomass and waste cellulosic materials as renewable sources for NCC extraction. Newer and/or improved process alternatives, e.g., ultrasonication, enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical treatments have been applied successfully for producing high-quality material. Detailed investigations on optimizing the overall yield from cheaper feedstock have yielded obvious benefits. This is still work in progress. The present review majorly focuses on the advances made in the NCC preparation field from biomass and waste cellulosic materials in last three years (2016 - till date). Collaborative efforts between chemical engineers and research scientists are crucial for the success of this really amazing nanomaterial.

在过去的十年中，尽管纳米晶纤维素（NCC）费力的工业生产和较高的成本，但作为各种应用中的首选纳米材料已广受欢迎。其生产方法最近经历了许多变态。除可持续和可再生原料外，主要重点是环境友好和绿色工艺。在全球范围内，研究人员已经探索了生物质和纤维素废料作为NCC提取的可再生资源。更新的和/或改进的工艺替代方法，例如超声波处理，酶水解和机械处理已成功应用于生产高质量的材料。关于优化廉价原料的总产量的详细研究已产生明显的好处。这项工作仍在进行中。本综述主要侧重于过去三年（2016年至今）从生物质和废纤维素材料在NCC制备领域取得的进展。化学工程师和研究科学家之间的共同努力对于这种惊人的纳米材料的成功至关重要。