The development of devices capable of generating energy through biofluids, such as sweat, is an effort to integrate flexible devices that can be powered and used on the skin. A patch-type completely enzymatic biofuel cell (p-EBFC) is developed using bilirubin oxidase- and lactate oxidase-based electrodes as biocathode and bioanode respectively, where both enzymes are immobilized on flexible Toray carbon paper-modified. The evaluation of the half-cells shows that the bioelectrodes had good catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction and lactic acid oxidation reactions using natural human sweat. The wireless p-EBFC on the skin is capable to delivery an open circuit voltage of 0.55 ± 0.03 V and a short circuit current of 140 ± 4 μA cm⁻². Also, the p-EBFC maintains its performance of 20 μW cm⁻² and 30 μA cm⁻² continuously for 30 min in a sweat delivery from the arm of a healthy volunteer during workouts. In addition, a wireless device is incorporated in order to monitor via a cell phone the energy produced in real time.

能够通过生物流体（例如汗液）产生能量的设备的开发是整合可供电并在皮肤上使用的柔性设备的努力。使用分别基于胆红素氧化酶和乳酸氧化酶的电极作为生物阴极和生物阳极，开发了一种贴片型完全酶促生物燃料电池（p-EBFC），其中这两种酶均固定在柔性Toray碳纸上。对半电池的评估表明，生物电极对使用天然人类汗液进行的氧还原和乳酸氧化反应具有良好的催化活性。皮肤上的无线p-EBFC能够提供0.55±0.03 V的开路电压和140±4μAcm ^-2的短路电流。同样，p-EBFC的性能保持在20μWcm ^-2在锻炼过程中，从健康志愿者的手臂出汗，持续30分钟和30μAcm ^-2连续30分钟。此外，还集成了无线设备，以便通过手机实时监控产生的能量。