Abstract In this paper, a highly sensitive electrochemical method, which is based on the combination of fast Fourier transform square wave voltammetry and multivariate calibration techniques, was developed for simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene positional isomers, including catechol, hydroquinone, and resorcinol, in environmental samples. An electrochemical sensor was constructed by the deposition of nitrogen-doped graphene on a glassy carbon electrode to apply as a new approach for the multicomponent analysis. Partial least squares was applied, as a multivariate calibration method, to deconvolute the highly overlapping electrochemical signals from the analytes. Using the simplex experimental design with the degree of 4, 19 ternary mixture solutions of the cited analytes were prepared in the established linear ranges of the analytes. The developed multivariate model was validated by predicting the concentration of 8 independent solutions. The root mean square error values of validation values were between 0.04230 and 0.06549 μM, respectively. The applicability of the proposed method was checked using water samples (collected from both the surface and waste water) and human urine, and the obtained recovery values were between 89.3 and 107.1%. The limits of detection and relative standard deviations for catechol, hydroquinone, and resorcinol were 0.046, 0.046, and 0.045 μM, and 3.6, 3.4 and 3% (N = 5), respectively.

中文翻译：

---

使用快速傅立叶变换方波伏安法和多元校准同时测定氮掺杂石墨烯表面的二羟基苯异构体

摘要 本文开发了一种基于快速傅里叶变换方波伏安法和多元校准技术相结合的高灵敏度电化学方法，用于同时测定环境样品中的二羟基苯位置异构体，包括邻苯二酚、对苯二酚和间苯二酚。 . 通过在玻璃碳电极上沉积氮掺杂石墨烯来构建电化学传感器，作为多组分分析的新方法。应用偏最小二乘法作为一种多元校准方法，对来自分析物的高度重叠的电化学信号进行解卷积。使用具有 4 阶的单纯形实验设计，在已建立的分析物线性范围内制备了 19 种引用分析物的三元混合物溶液。通过预测 8 种独立溶液的浓度来验证开发的多变量模型。验证值的均方根误差值分别在 0.04230 和 0.06549 μM 之间。使用水样（从地表水和废水中收集）和人尿检查了所提出方法的适用性，获得的回收率介于 89.3% 和 107.1% 之间。儿茶酚、对苯二酚和间苯二酚的检测限和相对标准偏差分别为 0.046、0.046 和 0.045 μM，以及 3.6、3.4 和 3% (N = 5)。使用水样（从地表水和废水中收集）和人尿检查了所提出方法的适用性，获得的回收率介于 89.3% 和 107.1% 之间。儿茶酚、对苯二酚和间苯二酚的检测限和相对标准偏差分别为 0.046、0.046 和 0.045 μM，以及 3.6、3.4 和 3% (N = 5)。使用水样（从地表水和废水中收集）和人尿检查了所提出方法的适用性，获得的回收率介于 89.3% 和 107.1% 之间。儿茶酚、对苯二酚和间苯二酚的检测限和相对标准偏差分别为 0.046、0.046 和 0.045 μM，以及 3.6、3.4 和 3% (N = 5)。