Nanofibrous materials find a wide range of applications, such as vascular grafts, tissue-engineered scaffolds, or drug delivery systems. This phenomenon can be attributed to almost arbitrary biomaterial modification opportunities created by a multitude of polymers used to form nanofibers, as well as by surface functionalization methods. Among these applications, the hemostatic activity of nanofibrous materials is gaining more and more interest in biomedical research. It is therefore crucial to find both materials and nanofiber structural properties that affect organism responses. The present review critically analyzes the response of blood elements to natural and synthetic polymers, and their blends and composites. Also assessed in this review is the incorporation of pro-coagulative substances or drugs that can decrease bleeding time. The review also discusses the main animal models that were used to assess hemostatic agent safety and effectiveness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The paper contains an in-depth review of the most representative studies recently published in the topic of nanofibrous hemostatic agents. The topic evolved from analysis of pristine polymeric nanofibers to multifunctional biomaterials. Furthermore, this study is important because it helps clarify the use of specific blood-biomaterial analysis techniques with emphasis on protein adsorption, thrombogenicity and blood coagulation. The paper should be of interest to the readers of Acta biomaterialia who are curious about the strategies and materials used for the development of multifunctional polymer nanofibers for novel blood-contacting applications.

中文翻译：

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血液与纳米纤维和微纤维的相互作用：纳米纤维和微纤维止血剂的最新进展，挑战和应用。

纳米纤维材料具有广泛的应用，例如血管移植物，组织工程支架或药物输送系统。这种现象可归因于由用于形成纳米纤维的多种聚合物以及表面功能化方法所产生的几乎任意的生物材料改性机会。在这些应用中，纳米纤维材料的止血活性在生物医学研究中越来越受到关注。因此，至关重要的是找到影响生物反应的材料和纳米纤维的结构特性。本综述严格分析了血液元素对天然和合成聚合物及其共混物和复合物的反应。该评价中还评估了可以减少出血时间的促凝物质或药物的掺入。该评价还讨论了用于评估止血剂安全性和有效性的主要动物模型。意义声明：本文包含对最近发表的有关纳米纤维止血剂的最具代表性研究的深入综述。该主题从原始的聚合物纳米纤维的分析演变为多功能生物材料。此外，这项研究很重要，因为它有助于阐明特定的血液生物材料分析技术的使用，重点是蛋白质吸附，血栓形成和凝血功能。Acta生物材料学的读者应该对该论文感兴趣，他们对用于新型血液接触应用的多功能聚合物纳米纤维的开发所使用的策略和材料感到好奇。