Abstract The effect of 5 MeV Cu ++ ions irradiation on structural and optical properties of Anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) is investigated. For this purpose, TiO 2 -NPs are irradiated with different Cu ++ ions fluences, ranging from 1 × 10 15 to 1 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 at room temperature. XRD results confirm the Ti 3 O 7 phase appear at the dose of 5 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 and peak intensity of Ti 3 O 7 phase gradually increases with an increase of Cu ++ ions irradiation dose. At the dose of 1 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 TiO 2 Anatase phase were transformed to Rutile phase. Same observations are confirmed from Raman spectroscopy. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveals that morphology converted into wavy shape and crystal structure detrioted with increase Cu ion irradiation dose to form vacancy loops and interstitial loops. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that TiO 2 -NPs have been fused to form a cluster of nanoparticles at high Cu ion beam dose, while bandgap of TiO 2 -NPs reduces from 3.19 eV to 2.96 eV as a function of Cu ++ irradiation fluence. These phase transformations and crystal damage are the responsible for optical bandgap reduction. The mechanism for the currently observed phase transformation of TiO 2 and coalescence of TiO 2 -NPs are discussed in term of thermal spikes model.

中文翻译：

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通过 MeV Cu 离子辐照 TiO2 纳米粒子的带隙工程

摘要 研究了5 MeV Cu ++ 离子辐照对锐钛矿TiO 2 纳米颗粒(TiO 2 -NPs) 结构和光学性能的影响。为此，TiO 2 -NPs 在室温下用不同的 Cu ++ 离子注量进行照射，范围从 1 × 10 15 到 1 × 10 16 离子/cm 2 。XRD结果证实Ti 3 O 7 相出现在剂量为5×10 15 ions/cm 2 时，Ti 3 O 7 相的峰强度随着Cu ++ 离子辐照剂量的增加而逐渐增加。在剂量为 1 × 10 16 离子/cm 2 时，TiO 2 锐钛矿相转变为金红石相。拉曼光谱证实了相同的观察结果。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）显示，随着铜离子辐照剂量的增加，形态转变为波浪形和晶体结构，形成空位环和间隙环。扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 显示 TiO 2 -NPs 在高 Cu 离子束剂量下已经融合形成纳米粒子簇，而 TiO 2 -NPs 的带隙从 3.19 eV 降低到 2.96 eV 作为 Cu ++ 照射的函数影响。这些相变和晶体损伤是导致光学带隙减小的原因。根据热尖峰模型讨论了当前观察到的 TiO 2 相变和 TiO 2 -NPs 聚结的机制。