Rare earth elements (REEs) such as neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy) are indispensable in modern society because they are vital for creating powerful neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets used in many technological applications. These elements have been subject to a significant supply uncertainty. A promising strategy to alleviate supply risk is value recovery from end-of-life (EOL) products. This paper proposes a reverse supply network to optimize: 1) the locations and capacities of dismantling and recycling facilities, and 2) the transportation flows between collection centers, dismantling facilities, recycling facilities, and sales points. Two objectives are considered: maximizing profit and environmental benefits. A Pareto front is created that shows non-dominated optimal solutions. When the model was applied to the United States, California was found to be the most important state for EOL product collection, representing up to 22% of the total collection volume. Nevada, Tennessee, and Delaware were the key states for EOL product dismantling, and Nevada, Texas, and Delaware were the key states for NdFeB magnet recycling. A sensitivity analysis was performed to measure the impact of different NdFeB magnet price on the overall network design. While REE recovery is still at an early stage of the development, this research serves as a blueprint for constructing a profitable and environmentally friendly NdFeB magnet reverse supply chain.

稀土元素（REE），例如钕（Nd）和（Dy），在现代社会中是必不可少的，因为它们对于制造用于许多技术应用的强力钕铁硼（NdFeB）磁体至关重要。这些要素受到很大的供应不确定性。减轻供应风险的一种有前途的策略是从报废（EOL）产品中回收价值。本文提出了一个反向供应网络，以优化：1）拆解和回收设施的位置和容量，以及2）收集中心，拆解设施，回收设施和销售点之间的运输流。考虑了两个目标：最大化利润和环境效益。将创建一个帕累托前线，以显示非支配的最佳解决方案。当模型应用于美国时，发现加利福尼亚是EOL产品收集最重要的州，占总收集量的22％。内华达州，田纳西州和特拉华州是EOL产品拆解的主要州，内华达州，德克萨斯州和特拉华州是NdFeB磁铁回收的主要州。进行了敏感性分析，以衡量不同钕铁硼磁体价格对整个网络设计的影响。尽管REE回收仍处于开发的早期阶段，但这项研究为构建有利可图且环保的NdFeB磁体反向供应链提供了蓝图。特拉华州是钕铁硼磁铁回收的主要州。进行了敏感性分析，以衡量不同钕铁硼磁体价格对整个网络设计的影响。尽管REE回收仍处于开发的早期阶段，但这项研究为构建有利可图且环保的NdFeB磁体反向供应链提供了蓝图。特拉华州是钕铁硼磁铁回收的主要州。进行了敏感性分析，以衡量不同钕铁硼磁体价格对整个网络设计的影响。尽管REE回收仍处于开发的早期阶段，但这项研究为构建有利可图且环保的NdFeB磁体反向供应链提供了蓝图。