Background

With changing employment histories in European labour markets, occupational health research needs to be supplemented by an approach that integrates adverse characteristics of entire employment histories, in terms of precarious, discontinued and disadvantaged employment careers. We analyse associations of adverse employment histories and six measures of health functioning, including affective, physical and cognitive functioning.

Methods

We use baseline data from the CONSTANCES study with detailed retrospective data on previous employment histories that are linked to current health functioning among people aged 45–60 years (men = 15 134; women = 16 584). The following career characteristics are assessed (all referring to careers between ages 25 and 45 years): number of jobs with temporary contracts, number of job changes, number of unemployment periods, years out of work, mode occupational position and lack of job promotion. The measures of health functioning range from depressive symptoms, standing balance, walking speed, lung function, to verbal memory and semantic fluency.

Results

For both men and women, multilevel regressions (participant nested in health-examination centre) revealed that adverse employment histories are associated with poor health functioning later on, in particular persistent disadvantage in terms of low occupational position, repeated periods of unemployment and weak labour-market ties (years out of work). Findings remain consistent after excluding respondents who had a health-related career interruption or already retired before age 45 years and, additionally, after adjusting for age, partnership and education.

Conclusion

Findings call for increased intervention efforts among more disadvantaged groups of the labour market at early-career stages.

中文翻译：

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不良就业史和健康功能：CONSTANCES 研究

背景

随着欧洲劳动力市场就业史的变化，职业健康研究需要通过整合整个就业史的不利特征（在不稳定、中断和弱势就业生涯方面）的方法来补充。我们分析了不良就业史与六项健康功能指标之间的关联，包括情感、身体和认知功能。

方法

我们使用 CONSTANCES 研究的基线数据以及 45-60 岁人群（男性 = 15 134；女性 = 16 584）中与当前健康功能相关的先前就业史的详细回顾性数据。评估以下职业特征（均指25至45岁之间的职业）：临时合同工作数量、工作变动数量、失业期数量、失业年数、职业职位模式和缺乏职位晋升。健康功能的衡量标准包括抑郁症状、站立平衡、行走速度、肺功能、语言记忆和语义流畅性。

结果

对于男性和女性来说，多层次回归（参与者嵌套在健康检查中心）显示，不良的就业经历与后来的健康状况不佳有关，特别是在职业地位低下、反复失业和劳动力薄弱等方面持续处于不利地位。市场联系（失业多年）。在排除因健康原因职业中断或在 45 岁之前已经退休的受访者，并根据年龄、伴侣关系和教育程度进行调整后，结果仍然一致。

结论

调查结果呼吁在职业生涯早期阶段加大对劳动力市场弱势群体的干预力度。