Motor control, which relies on constant communication between motor and sensory systems, is crucial for spine posture, stability and movement. Adaptions of motor control occur in low back pain (LBP) while different motor adaption strategies exist across individuals, probably to reduce LBP and risk of injury. However, in some individuals with LBP, adapted motor control strategies might have long-term consequences, such as increased spinal loading that has been linked with degeneration of intervertebral discs and other tissues, potentially maintaining recurrent or chronic LBP. Factors contributing to motor control adaptations in LBP have been extensively studied on the motor output side, but less attention has been paid to changes in sensory input, specifically proprioception. Furthermore, motor cortex reorganization has been linked with chronic and recurrent LBP, but underlying factors are poorly understood. Here, we review current research on behavioral and neural effects of motor control adaptions in LBP. We conclude that back pain-induced disrupted or reduced proprioceptive signaling likely plays a pivotal role in driving long-term changes in the top-down control of the motor system via motor and sensory cortical reorganization. In the outlook of this review, we explore whether motor control adaptations are also important for other (musculoskeletal) pain conditions.

中文翻译：

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腰痛：上睑运动控制和本体感觉的潜在贡献。

依赖于电机和感觉系统之间不断通讯的电机控制对于脊柱的姿势，稳定性和运动至关重要。运动控制的适应发生在下腰痛（LBP）中，而个体之间存在不同的运动适应策略，这可能会降低LBP和受伤的风险。但是，在某些患有LBP的个体中，采用适当的运动控制策略可能会产生长期后果，例如脊柱负荷增加与椎间盘和其他组织的退化有关，可能会维持复发性或慢性LBP。在LBP中，已对影响LBP的电机控制适应性的因素进行了广泛的研究，但对感觉输入的变化（特别是本体感觉）的关注较少。此外，运动皮层重组已与慢性和复发性LBP相关联，但尚不清楚潜在的因素。在这里，我们回顾了当前在LBP中运动控制适应的行为和神经效应的研究。我们得出的结论是，背痛诱发的本体感受性信号传导受阻或减少可能在通过运动和感觉皮层重组驱动运动系统自上而下控制的长期变化中起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了运动控制适应对于其他（肌肉骨骼）疼痛情况是否也很重要。我们得出的结论是，背痛诱发的本体感受性信号传导受阻或减少可能在通过运动和感觉皮层重组驱动运动系统自上而下控制的长期变化中起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了运动控制适应对于其他（肌肉骨骼）疼痛情况是否也很重要。我们得出的结论是，背痛诱发的本体感受性信号传导受阻或减少可能在通过运动和感觉皮层重组驱动运动系统自上而下控制的长期变化中起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了运动控制适应对于其他（肌肉骨骼）疼痛情况是否也很重要。