BACKGROUND Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience significant secondary health conditions including excess adiposity. Dietary guidelines for individuals with chronic SCI do not exist. OBJECTIVE To describe baseline dietary intake and quality based on conformance with dietary recommendations in participants enrolled in GoHealthySCI, a weight loss intervention for individuals with SCI, which promotes lifestyle change. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on data collected from April through August 2017 in a randomized pilot study. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-seven participants enrolled in the study in Houston, TX. All participants were at least 1 year post injury with a self-reported body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) ≥23. The racially/ethnically diverse sample was predominantly male (n=23), average age was 41.8±13.5 years, and average number of years since injury was 18.1±14.9. Participants varied in terms of level of injury; 19 participants identified as having tetraplegia and 19 identified as having paraplegia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recall dietary assessment was used to obtain baseline dietary intake data. Participants reported food intake on 3 nonconsecutive days. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics were conducted for the primary research objectives. Mean macronutrient and micronutrient intake and Healthy Eating Index-2015 total and component scores are described. RESULTS Average daily energy intake was 1618±434 kcal. Daily intakes of whole fruits (0.6±0.7 cups), vegetables (1.6±0.9 cups), and whole grains (15%) of total grains were lower than recommendations from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Average daily fiber (15.0g±6.0) met the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library minimum target range for individuals with SCI. All percentages of calories from macronutrients were within the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges: total fat (34.3%±6.2%), protein (16.7%±4.2%), and carbohydrate (49.3%±8.4%). Mean Healthy Eating Index-2015 score was 54.4. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a description of dietary intake by individuals with SCI who are overweight or obese. Although macronutrients are within the acceptable distribution range, calories from fat are at the high end and those from protein are at the low end of those ranges. In addition, on average, individuals reported inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fiber, seafood and plant protein, and healthy fats and excess intake of added sugars and saturated fat. Results provide preliminary evidence of dietary inadequacies and suggest that larger studies examining dietary intake are warranted.

中文翻译：

---

超重或肥胖的脊髓损伤患者的基线膳食摄入量

背景脊髓损伤(SCI)的个体经历显着的继发性健康状况，包括过度肥胖。不存在针对慢性 SCI 患者的饮食指南。目标 根据参加 GoHealthySCI 的参与者的饮食建议符合性来描述基线饮食摄入量和质量，这是一种针对 SCI 患者的减肥干预措施，可促进生活方式的改变。设计 在一项随机试点研究中，对 2017 年 4 月至 8 月收集的数据进行了横断面分析。参与者 三十七名参与者在德克萨斯州休斯顿参加了这项研究。所有参与者在受伤后至少 1 年，自我报告的体重指数（以 kg/m2 计算）≥23。种族/民族多样化的样本主要是男性 (n=23)，平均年龄为 41.8±13.5 岁，受伤后平均年数为18.1±14.9年。参与者的受伤程度各不相同；19 名参与者确定为四肢瘫痪，19 名参与者确定为截瘫。主要结果测量使用自动自我管理的 24 小时召回饮食评估来获得基线饮食摄入数据。参与者报告了连续 3 天的食物摄入量。统计分析 针对主要研究目标进行了描述性统计。描述了平均常量营养素和微量营养素摄入量以及健康饮食指数 - 2015 年总分和成分分。结果 平均每日能量摄入量为 1618±434 kcal。全谷物（0.6±0.7 杯）、蔬菜（1.6±0.9 杯）和全谷物（15%）的每日摄入量低于 2015-2020 美国人膳食指南的建议。平均每日纤维 (15.0g±6.0) 符合营养与饮食学院证据分析图书馆针对 SCI 患者的最低目标范围。来自宏量营养素的所有卡路里百分比都在可接受的宏量营养素分布范围内：总脂肪 (34.3%±6.2%)、蛋白质 (16.7%±4.2%) 和碳水化合物 (49.3%±8.4%)。2015 年平均健康饮食指数得分为 54.4。结论 本研究描述了超重或肥胖的 SCI 患者的膳食摄入量。尽管常量营养素在可接受的分布范围内，但来自脂肪的卡路里处于这些范围的高端，而来自蛋白质的卡路里处于这些范围的低端。此外，平均而言，个人报告的水果、蔬菜、全谷物、纤维、海鲜和植物蛋白摄入量不足，和健康脂肪以及过量摄入添加糖和饱和脂肪。结果提供了膳食不足的初步证据，并表明需要进行更大规模的膳食摄入研究。