The properties of metal materials can be greatly enriched by including various elements to generate alloys. The galvanic replacement represents a classical method for the preparation of both bulk- and nanoalloy materials. The difference of the electrochemical potential between the two metals acts as the driving force for the galvanic replacement reaction. However, this classical rule partially fails at the ultrasmall size scale, for that novel chemistry emerges by the decrease of the size of materials down to less than 3 nm due to the strong quantum effect.

中文翻译：

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通过金属交换定制合金纳米团簇的结构，组成和性能

通过包含各种元素以生成合金，可以极大地丰富金属材料的特性。电化学取代是制备块状和纳米合金材料的经典方法。两种金属之间的电化学电势差是电流置换反应的驱动力。但是，这种经典规则在超小尺寸规模上部分失败了，因为由于强的量子效应，由于材料尺寸减小至小于3 nm，因此出现了新的化学反应。