Multifunctional three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds were targeted by surface grafting cellulose-derived nanographene oxide (nGO) on the surface of porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds. nGO was derived from cellulose by microwave-assisted carbonization process and covalently grafted onto aminolyzed PCL scaffolds through an aqueous solution process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis both verified the successful attachment of nGO and scanning electron microscopy depicted a homogeneous dispersion of nGO over the scaffold surface. Mechanical tests were performed and demonstrated a significant increase in compressive strength for the nGO grafted scaffolds. Grafting of nGO was also shown to induce mineralization with the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates on the surface of the scaffolds with the size increasing with higher nGO content. The potential of surface-grafted nGO as a nanocarrier of an antibiotic drug was also explored. The secondary interactions between nGO and ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in the treatment of osteomyelitis, were optimized by controlling the solution pH. Ciprofloxacin was found to be adsorbed most strongly in its cationic form at pH 5, in which π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions predominate and the adsorbed drug content increased with increasing nGO amount. Further, the release kinetics of the drug were investigated during 8 days. In conclusion, the proposed simple fabrication process led to a scaffold with multifunctionality in the form of improved mechanical strength, ability to induce mineralization, as well as drug loading and delivery capability.

中文翻译：

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具有药物递送能力的纤维素衍生的纳米氧化烯表面功能化三维支架。

通过将纤维素衍生的纳米氧化石墨烯（nGO）表面接枝在多孔聚（ε-己内酯）（PCL）支架表面上来靶向多功能三维（3D）支架。nGO通过微波辅助碳化工艺从纤维素中衍生出来，并通过水溶液工艺共价接枝到氨基化的PCL支架上。傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析都验证了nGO的成功附着，扫描电子显微镜显示了nGO在支架表面的均匀分散。进行了机械测试，结果表明nGO移植支架的抗压强度显着提高。nGO的接枝也显示出矿化作用，并在支架表面形成磷酸钙沉淀，且随着nGO含量的增加，其尺寸也会增加。还探讨了表面移植的nGO作为抗生素药物纳米载体的潜力。通过控制溶液的pH值，可以优化nGO和环丙沙星（一种用于治疗骨髓炎的广谱抗生素）之间的次级相互作用。发现环丙沙星在pH 5时以阳离子形式最强地被吸附，其中π-π电子供体-受体相互作用占主导地位，被吸附的药物含量随nGO含量的增加而增加。此外，在8天内研究了药物的释放动力学。综上所述，