Electroactive polymers (EAP) provide lightweight and cost‐effective materials that enable the next generation of electromechanical devices. Commercial polymers have historically dominated research in EAP devices due to their availability. However, several drawbacks of these materials have limited their commercial applications, necessitating new materials for the commercial success of future EAP devices. This review highlights recent advances in novel EAPs for ionic polymer‐metal composites (IPMC) and dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA). Ion‐containing block copolymers and charged segmented condensation polymers demonstrate suitable electromechanical properties competitive with Nafion‐based IPMCs. In addition, swelling ionic polymer membranes with free ionic liquid enhances ionic conductivity and promotes electromechanical actuation. Synthetic approaches to increasing permittivity in dielectric elastomers are also explored as a method of producing more efficient DEAs. Incorporating polar functional groups into siloxane and acrylic elastomers through grafting or blending provides high‐dielectric elastomers for use in DEAs with low driving voltages.

中文翻译：

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机电设备用高分子材料的研究进展

电活性聚合物（EAP）提供重量轻且具有成本效益的材料，可用于下一代机电设备。由于其可用性，商业聚合物一直以来在EAP设备中占据主导地位。但是，这些材料的一些缺点限制了它们的商业应用，因此需要新的材料来保证未来EAP设备的商业成功。这篇综述重点介绍了用于离子聚合物金属复合材料（IPMC）和介电弹性体致动器（DEA）的新型EAP的最新进展。含离子的嵌段共聚物和带电的链段缩合聚合物具有合适的机电性能，可与基于Nafion的IPMC竞争。另外，用游离离子液体溶胀离子聚合物膜可增强离子电导率并促进机电驱动。还探索了提高介电弹性体中介电常数的合成方法，作为生产更有效的DEA的方法。通过接枝或共混将极性官能团掺入硅氧烷和丙烯酸弹性体中，可提供高介电弹性体，用于低驱动电压的DEA。