Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (SLAM) family receptors are expressed on different types of hematopoietic cells and play important role in immune regulation in health and disease. 2B4 (CD244, SLAMF4) and CS1 (CD319, CRACC, SLAMF7) were originally identified as NK cell receptors regulating NK cell cytolytic activity. 2B4 is expressed on all NK cells, a subpopulation of T cells, monocytes and basophils. Unlike other activating and inhibitory receptors, 2B4 (CD244) interaction with its ligand CD48 has been shown to mediate both activating and inhibitory functions. Defective signaling via 2B4 due to mutations in signaling adaptor SAP contributes to X-linked lymphoproliferative Disease (XLP). Expression of 2B4 and CS1 are altered in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CS1 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and anti-CS1 mab (Elotuzumab/Empliciti) has been approved by FDA as a breakthrough drug for treatment for MM patients. CAR -T cells or CAR- NK cells containing full length CS1 or the signaling domain of 2B4 with TCR-ζ have shown promising results to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases.

信号淋巴细胞激活分子 (SLAM) 家族受体在不同类型的造血细胞上表达，在健康和疾病的免疫调节中发挥重要作用。2B4（CD244、SLAMF4）和 CS1（CD319、CRACC、SLAMF7）最初被鉴定为调节 NK 细胞溶细胞活性的 NK 细胞受体。2B4 在所有 NK 细胞、T 细胞亚群、单核细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞上表达。与其他激活和抑制受体不同，2B4 (CD244) 与其配体 CD48 的相互作用已被证明可以介导激活和抑制功能。由于信号适配器 SAP 的突变，通过 2B4 的缺陷信号导致 X 连锁淋巴组织增生性疾病 (XLP)。2B4 和 CS1 的表达在系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 中发生改变。CS1 在多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 中过表达，抗 CS1 单克隆抗体 (Elotuzumab/Empliciti) 已被 FDA 批准为治疗 MM 患者的突破性药物。含有全长 CS1 或带有 TCR-ζ 的 2B4 信号结构域的 CAR-T 细胞或 CAR-NK 细胞已显示出治疗癌症和自身免疫性疾病的有希望的结果。