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Numerical modelling of release of subsonic and sonic hydrogen jets
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ( IF 7.2 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.09.182
Pratap Sathiah , Chris M. Dixon

For the general public to use hydrogen as a vehicle fuel, they must be able to handle hydrogen with the same degree of confidence as conventional liquid and gaseous fuels. For refuelling hydrogen cars, hydrogen is stored at high pressures up to 700 bar. The hazards associated with jet releases from accidental leaks of such highly pressurized storage must be considered since a jet release and dispersion can result in a fire or explosion. Therefore, it is essential to understand the dispersion characteristics of hydrogen to determine the extent of the flammable cloud when released from a high-pressure source. These parameters are very important in the establishment of the safety distances and sizes of hazardous zones. This paper describes the work done by us in modelling of dispersion of accidental releases of hydrogen, using the FRED (Fire Explosion Release Dispersion) software. The dispersion module in FRED is validated against experimental data available in the open literature for steady release and dispersion of cold and ambient hydrogen gas. The validation is performed for a wide range of hole sizes (0.5–4 mm), pressure (1.7–400 bar) and temperature (50–298 K).

The model predictions of hydrogen gas jet velocity, concentration decay as a function of distance as well as radial concentration distribution are in good agreement with experiments. Overall, it is concluded that FRED can accurately model accidental release and dispersion of hydrogen in unconfined and open configurations.



中文翻译:

亚音速和音速氢射流释放的数值模型

为了使公众将氢用作车辆燃料,他们必须能够以与常规液体和气体燃料相同的置信度来处理氢。为了给氢气车加油,氢气以高达700 bar的高压存储。由于这种高压储存的意外泄漏,与喷射释放有关的危险必须予以考虑,因为喷射释放和分散会导致火灾或爆炸。因此,必须了解氢的分散特性,以确定从高压源释放时可燃云的程度。这些参数对于确定危险区域的安全距离和大小非常重要。本文介绍了我们在模拟意外释放的氢的扩散过程中所做的工作,使用FRED(火灾爆炸释放扩散)软件。FRED中的分散模块已通过公开文献中提供的用于稳定释放和分散冷氢气和环境氢气的实验数据进行了验证。验证适用于各种孔径(0.5–4 mm),压力(1.7–400 bar)和温度(50–298 K)的情况。

氢气喷射速度,浓度衰减随距离变化以及径向浓度分布的模型预测与实验吻合良好。总的来说,可以得出结论,FRED可以准确地模拟无限制和开放配置中氢气的意外释放和扩散。

更新日期:2018-10-21
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