Ultrasonic impregnation has proven to be an effective method to improve surface area and pore volume during preparation of activated carbons. However, the mechanism by which the promotion effect of ultrasonic impregnation is still ambiguous. Fundamental wave pressure (FWP) and broadband integrated pressure (BIP) were used to estimate the non-cavitation (vibration) energy and cavitation energy, respectively. The effects of FWP and BIP on the pore volume, surface area, surface functional groups, and microcosmic morphology were investigated in non-cavitation and cavitation regimes. Ultrasonic vibration promoted the surface enlargement and pore development of activated carbons, and it mainly affected the development of mesopore volume (V_mes) in both the pore volume and the mesopore-size-distribution range. The V_mes was enhanced by 60%–100% in the non-cavitation regime. Ultrasonic cavitation also facilitated porosity development of activated carbons, and it mainly affected the development of specific surface area (S_BET) and micropore volume (V_mic). The excessive cavitation led to a decrease of the porosity of activated carbons, so the BIP should be optimized during impregnation. The highest S_BET, V_mic, and V_mes for activated carbons were obtained by in the presence of both FWP and BIP, which were enhanced by 29.05%, 30.23%, and 113.33%, respectively, compared with the corresponding value for the activated carbon prepared without using ultrasonic impregnation. This work provided new insight into the role of the acoustic energy present during impregnation in tuning properties of activated carbons.

超声波浸渍已被证明是在制备活性炭期间改善表面积和孔体积的有效方法。但是，超声浸渍的促进作用的机理仍然是模棱两可的。基本波压力（FWP）和宽带综合压力（BIP）分别用于估计非空化（振动）能量和空化能量。在非空化和空化条件下，研究了FWP和BIP对孔体积，表面积，表面官能团和微观形态的影响。超声振动促进了活性炭的表面扩大和孔发展，它主要影响中孔体积（V _mes）的发展。）在孔体积和中孔尺寸分布范围内。在非空化状态下，V _mes提高了60％–100％。超声空化还促进了活性炭的孔隙度发展，并且它主要影响比表面积（S _BET）和微孔体积（V _mic）的发展。过度的气蚀导致活性炭孔隙率的降低，因此在浸渍过程中应优化BIP。最高S _BET，V _mic和V _mes通过在FWP和BIP的存在下获得活性炭的活性炭，与未使用超声浸渍制备的活性炭的相应值相比，分别提高了29.05％，30.23％和113.33％。这项工作为浸渍过程中存在的声能在调节活性炭特性中的作用提供了新的见解。