Students at the university level spend more and more time in learning management systems (LMSs), which support current teaching by offering online tutorials or units. These LMSs allow individual preparation for the students, especially in large classes. However, students’ learning in these online systems is often not supported by detailed formative feedback, as the options for this in current LMSs are quite limited. Formative feedback should be connected with the learning objective or competencies of the course, but formative feedback in an LMS is limited to single tasks or tests and does not allow one to focus on competencies across tasks. We have developed two easy-to-use software tools that enable teachers to use data from the LMS to quickly create an automated formative feedback that can be sent to students. First evaluations of the average final exam scores of different classes show that this new type of formative feedback seems to have a medium-scale effect on students’ final exam scores according to Cohen.

中文翻译：

---

使用软件工具为大班学生提供个性化的形成性反馈

大学级别的学生在学习管理系统（LMS）上花费了越来越多的时间，该学习管理系统通过提供在线教程或单元来支持当前的教学。这些LMS可以为学生提供个性化的准备，特别是在大班教学中。但是，详细的形成反馈通常不支持学生在这些在线系统中的学习，因为当前的LMS中对此的选择非常有限。形成性反馈应该与课程的学习目标或能力相关联，但是LMS中的形成性反馈仅限于单个任务或测试，并且不允许人们专注于跨任务的能力。我们开发了两个易于使用的软件工具，使教师能够使用LMS中的数据来快速创建可发送给学生的自动形成反馈。