To explore better the combined organic–inorganic fouling mechanisms of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, SiO₂ and bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA) were chosen as model inorganic and organic foulants, respectively. Fouling experiments with single and combined foulants, corresponding fouling layer structure, and the membrane–foulant and inter/intrafoulant species interaction forces were investigated. The results showed that the addition of SiO₂ particles led to opposite fouling phenomena for BSA and HA, which could be explained by the membrane–foulant and interfoulant species interaction forces. In the initial filtration stage, the combined fouling behavior was related to the relative strength of the interaction forces of membrane with both inorganic and organic foulant. Specifically, when the SiO₂–membrane interaction force > organic–membrane interaction force, the combined fouling would be enhanced with the addition of SiO₂ particles; otherwise, it would be mitigated. In the later filtration stage, the combined fouling was related to the inorganic–organic interaction forces. Thus, the stronger SiO₂–BSA interaction force led to the formation of large SiO₂–BSA aggregates, which resulted in a more porous fouling layer and higher hydraulic permeability. In contrast, the negligible SiO₂–HA interaction forces caused the SiO₂ particles to fill uniformly in or between the HA molecules, which resulted in a more compact fouling layer and more serious membrane fouling.

为了更好地探索超滤膜（UF），有机硅和无机污垢的组合机理，分别选择SiO ₂和牛血清白蛋白（BSA），腐殖酸（HA）作为模型无机污垢和有机污垢。研究了单一污垢和组合污垢的污垢实验，相应的污垢层结构以及膜－污垢和内部/内部污垢物质之间的相互作用力。结果表明，SiO _2的添加颗粒导致BSA和HA的相反结垢现象，这可以通过膜－污垢和污垢间物质的相互作用力来解释。在最初的过滤阶段，污垢的综合表现与膜与无机和有机污垢的相互作用力的相对强度有关。具体来说，当SiO _2-膜相互作用力>有机-膜相互作用力时，通过添加SiO ₂颗粒可以增强组合污垢。否则，它将得到缓解。在随后的过滤阶段，结垢与无机-有机相互作用力有关。因此，较强的SiO ₂ -BSA相互作用力导致形成较大的SiO ₂–BSA聚集体，导致污垢层更加多孔和更高的水力渗透性。相反，可忽略的SiO ₂ -HA相互作用力导致SiO ₂颗粒均匀地填充在HA分子内或HA分子之间，这导致了更致密的污垢层和更严重的膜污垢。