When transitioning to a 100% renewable energy system storing electricity becomes a focal point, as the resource flexibility is lost and the design of the energy system needs to provide flexibility and balancing options to integrate intermittent renewable resources. Using technologies such as power-to-gas offers an opportunity to store electricity in chemical form, which can be used as a long-term storage option. This paper develops a spatial modelling method by using a GIS tool to investigate potential generation sites for power-to-gas plants. The method determines the location of the plants by carbon source potential, proximity of the grid, costs of grid transmission and investment costs of the technology itself. By combining these types of data, it is possible to identify the investment costs of the power-to-gas plants. The method focuses on two paths: biogas upgrade and CO₂ methanation. The method is applied to a specific case by investigating the power-to-gas potential in Denmark. The potential and spatial deployment is found by examining the investment costs of plants with an annual gas production of 60 GWh. The findings of the analysis indicate that the biogas upgrade path is the cheapest one of the two, at the present cost level, but due to the relatively small number of biogas plants in Denmark, the chosen plant size is limited to around 55 plants. CO₂ methanation is a more costly path, but it has a larger potential of around 800 plants. As the analysis is based on the current sources for biogas and CO₂, it is important to emphasise that the potential for CO₂ methanation plants can be expected to diminish in the future as more renewable energy is introduced, lowering the need for thermal energy producers, while biogas production could see an increase. Nevertheless, the analysis of a specific case shows that the method gives a good indication of the extent of the power-to-gas resources by using a novel approach to the matter. The method can be applied in other countries as well, giving it a wide appeal.

当过渡到100％可再生能源系统时，电力存储成为焦点，因为资源灵活性已丧失，能源系统的设计需要提供灵活性和平衡选项以集成间歇性可再生资源。使用诸如天然气发电的技术提供了一种以化学形式存储电能的机会，可以将其用作长期存储选项。本文通过使用GIS工具开发了一种空间建模方法，以调查火力发电厂的潜在发电地点。该方法通过碳源电势，网格的接近程度，网格传输的成本以及技术本身的投资成本来确定工厂的位置。通过组合这些类型的数据，可以确定燃气电厂的投资成本。₂甲烷化。通过调查丹麦的天然气发电潜力，该方法适用于特定情况。通过检查年天然气产量为60 GWh的工厂的投资成本，可以发现潜在的空间分布。分析结果表明，就目前的成本水平而言，沼气升级途径是这两种方法中最便宜的一种，但是由于丹麦沼气工厂的数量相对较少，因此选择的工厂规模仅限于约55家工厂。CO ₂甲烷化是一条成本更高的途径，但它具有约800座工厂的更大潜力。由于分析是基于当前沼气和CO _2的来源，因此必须强调指出，CO ₂的潜力随着更多可再生能源的引入，甲烷化工厂有望在未来减少，从而降低了对热能生产商的需求，而沼气的产量可能会增加。尽管如此，对特定情况的分析表明，该方法通过使用新颖的方法来很好地说明了电力天然气资源的范围。该方法也可以在其他国家/地区使用，因此具有广泛的吸引力。