Green fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQD) have been synthesized via hydrothermal fragmentation using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) process as a single, rapid and environmentally benign method. This is in the presence of p-phosphonic acid calix[4]arene which enhances the optical properties of the graphene quantum dots through surface functionalization, with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 4.5%. Potential environmental impact of a lab-scale supercritical CHFS process compared with that of conventional batch processing of GQDs has been assessed using the method of the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD).

中文翻译：

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石墨烯量子点的连续水热流合成†

绿色荧光石墨烯量子点（GQD）是通过使用连续的水热流合成（CHFS）工艺作为单个，快速且对环境有益的方法通过水热裂解合成的。这是在对膦酸杯[4]芳烃的存在下，该芳烃通过表面官能化增强了石墨烯量子点的光学性能，光致发光量子产率高达4.5％。与国际标准生命周期数据系统（ILCD）的方法相比，实验室规模的超临界CHFS工艺与常规批处理GQD相比对环境的潜在影响已得到评估。