Beta-cypermethrin (beta-CYP), which is widely used for the control of indoor and field pests, is a highly lipophilic insecticide with environmental estrogenic effects. Selenium-enriched Spirulina (Se-SP) is a novel natural antioxidant agent with a high nutritional value. This study was aimed at the investigation of the protective effects of Se-SP on the reproductive system of male zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to beta-CYP. We determined the protective effect of Se-SP on male zebrafish exposed to 7 nmol L⁻¹ beta-CYP by measuring the activity of sperm and antioxidants, examining tissue sections, measuring hormone secretion levels, and analyzing the expression of related proteins and genes during spermatogenesis. We found that beta-CYP enhanced VTG synthesis and estrogen (E2) secretion, increased the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, and decreased the number of spermatids and Sertoli cells. However, treatment with 50 mg L⁻¹ Se-SP (Se: 25 μmol g⁻¹ Se-SP) almost completely ameliorated the deleterious effects of beta-CYP. The protective mechanism of Se-SP in the testes of beta-CYP-treated fish involved an enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity and an increase in androgen secretion by the downregulation of the expression of cyp19a, nanos2, piwil1, dazl and sycp3, and the upregulation of the expression of odf3b, igf3, insl3 and dmrt1, which affected testosterone production and spermatogenesis. Our study strongly indicates that treatment with Se-SP can effectively prevent the oxidative damage to the reproductive system during spermatocyte differentiation induced by beta-CYP exposure.

中文翻译：

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富硒螺旋藻对暴露于β-氯氰菊酯的雄性斑马鱼（Danio rerio） 生殖系统的保护作用

β-氯氰菊酯（β-CYP）广泛用于控制室内和田间害虫，是一种具有环境雌激素作用的高度亲脂性杀虫剂。富硒螺旋藻（Se-SP）是一种具有高营养价值的新型天然抗氧化剂。这项研究的目的是调查硒SP对雄性斑马鱼（Danio rerio）暴露于β-CYP的生殖系统的保护作用。我们确定了Se-SP对暴露于7 nmol L ^-1的雄性斑马鱼的保护作用通过测量精子和抗氧化剂的活性，检查组织切片，测量激素分泌水平以及分析精子发生过程中相关蛋白质和基因的表达来进行β-CYP的检测。我们发现，β-CYP增强了VTG的合成和雌激素（E2）的分泌，增加了精原细胞和精子细胞的数量，并减少了精子细胞和支持细胞的数量。然而，用50 mg L ^-1 Se-SP（Se：25μmolg ^-1 Se-SP）处理几乎完全改善了β-CYP的有害作用。Se-SP在经β-CYP处理的鱼的睾丸中的保护机制涉及通过下调cyp19a和nanos2的表达来增强抗氧化酶活性和增加雄激素分泌。，PIWIL1，DAZL和SYCP3，和表达的上调odf3b，igf3，INSL3和DMRT1，其中受影响的睾酮产生和精子发生。我们的研究强烈表明，用Se-SP进行处理可以有效地防止在暴露于β-CYP引起的精细胞分化过程中对生殖系统的氧化损伤。